Abstract
The study of healthy and pathological aging with magnetoencephalography (MEG) has become more widespread in recent years. This is mainly because it is providing a new perspective in the study of this disease. Due to its excellent temporal resolution allows the evaluation of functional networks in the frequency domain. These characteristics make MEG unique for the study of the organization of the neurophysiological mechanisms supporting cognitive capabilities in the aging brain. In this chapter, we will review MEG findings in normal and pathological aging. In normal aging, we will go through the mechanisms of forgetting and the assessment of the default mode network organization. In the field of pathological aging, the literature has mainly focused on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). These studies assess sensory memory, short-term and long-term memory, indicating decreased activity and connectivity in AD patients but a dual pattern of increased/decreased functional connectivity at early stages such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Finally, similar results have been found in an extensive literature using resting state recordings which characterize the brain networks of patients with dementia in a non-task context. All these topics will be discussed in the context of the literature of cognitive neuroscience of aging. Potential new approaches and recommendations for future research will be provided.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aine CJ, Woodruff CC, Knoefel JE, Adair JC, Hudson D, Qualls C, Bockholt J, Best E, Kovacevic S, Cobb W, Padilla D, Hart B, Stephen JM (2006) Aging: compensation or maturation? NeuroImage 32:1891–1904
Aine CJ, Bryant JE, Knoefel JE, Adair JC, Hart B, Donahue CH, Montano R, Hayek R, Qualls C, Ranken D, Stephen JM (2010) Different strategies for auditory word recognition in healthy versus normal aging. NeuroImage 49:3319–3330
Aine CJ, Sanfratello L, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Caprihan A, JMBrain S (2011) Development and decline of memory functions in normal, pathological and healthy successful aging. Brain Topogr 24(3–4):323–339
Anderson MJ, Riccio DC (2005) Ontogenetic forgetting of stimulus attributes. Learn Behav 33(4):444–453
Andrews-Hanna JR, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Lustig C, Head D, Raichle ME, Buckner RL (2007) Disruption of large-scale brain systems in advanced aging. Neuron 56(5):924–935
Ariza P, Solesio-Jofre E, Martínez-Huartos J, Pineda-Pardo JA, Niso G, Maestú F, Buldú JM (2015) Evaluating the effect of ageing on interference resolution with time-varying complex networks analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 9:255. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00255
Aurtenetxe S, Castellanos NP, Moratti S, Bajo R, Gil P, Beitia G, Del-Pozo F, Maestú F (2013) Dysfunctional and compensatory duality in mild cognitive impairment during a continuous recognition memory task. Int J Psychophysiol 87(1):95–102
Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Chiovenda P, Del Percio C, Ercolani M, Moretti DV, Moffa F, Pasqualetti P, Pizzella V, Romani GL, Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Rossini PM (2005) Alpha rhythms in mild dements during visual delayed choice reaction time tasks: a MEG study. Brain Res Bull 65(6):457–470
Bajo R, Maestú F, Nevado A, Sancho M, Gutiérrez R, Campo P, Castellanos NP, Gil P, Moratti S, Pereda E, Del-Pozo F (2010) Functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment during a memory task: implications for the disconnection hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 22(1):183–193
Bajo R, Castellanos NP, López ME, Ruiz JM, Montejo P, Montenegro M, Llanero M, Gil P, Yubero R, Baykova E, Paul N, Aurtenetxe S, Del Pozo F, Maestu F (2012a) Early dysfunction of functional connectivity in healthy elderly with subjective memory complaints. Age (Dordr) 34(2):497–506
Bajo R, Castellanos NP, Cuesta P, Aurtenetxe S, Garcia-Prieto J, Gil-Gregorio P, del-Pozo F, Maestu F (2012b) Differential patterns of connectivity in progressive mild cognitive impairment. Brain Connect 2(1):21–24
Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Lu PH, Nuechterlein KH, Edwards N, Mintz J (2001) Age-related changes in frontal and temporal lobe volumes in men: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:461–465
Berendse HW, Verbunt JP, Scheltens P, van Dijk BW, Jonkman EJ (2000) Magnetoencephalographic analysis of cortical activity in Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study. Clin Neurophysiol 111(4):604–612
Bero AW, Yan P, Roh JH, Cirrito JR, Stewart FR, Raichle ME, Lee JM, Holtzman DM (2011) Neuronal activity regulates the regional vulnerability to amyloid-β deposition. Nat Neurosci 14(6):750–756. Epub 2011 May 1
Besga A, Ortiz L, Fernández A, Maestu F, Arrazola J, Gil-Gregorio P, Fuentes M, Ortiz T (2010) Structural and functional patterns in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 24(1):1–10
Biswal B, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS (1995) Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med 34(4):537–541
Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82(4):239–59 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1759558
Brookes MJ (2011) Measuring functional connectivity using MEG: methodology and comparison with fcMRI. NeuroImage 56:1082–1104
Brookes MJ, Woolrich M, Luckhoo H, Price D, Hale JR, Stephenson MC, Barnes GR, Smith SM, Morris PG (2011) Investigating the electrophysiological basis of resting state networks using magnetoencephalography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(40):16783–16788
Buckner RL (2004) Memory and executive function in aging and AD: multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate. Neuron 44(1):195–208
Buldú JM, Bajo R, Maestú F, Castellanos N, Leyva I, Gil P, Sendiña-Nadal I, Almendral JA, Nevado A, del-Pozo F, Boccaletti S (2011) Reorganization of functional networks in mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One 6(5):e19584. Epub 2011 May 23
Busche MA, Konnerth A (2016) Impairments of neural circuit function in Alzheimer’s disease. Philos Trans R Soc 371:20150429. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0429
Cabeza R (2002) Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model. Psychol Aging 17:85–100
Cabeza R, Grady CL, Nyberg L, McIntosh AR, Tulving E, Kapur S, Jennings JM, Houle S, Craik FI (1997) Age-related differences in neural activity during memory encoding and retrieval: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurosci 17(1):391–400
Cabeza R, Anderson ND, Locantore JK, McIntosh AR (2002) Aging gracefully: compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. NeuroImage 17(3):1394–1402
Cacciaglia R, Molinuevo JL, Falcón C, Brugulat-Serrat A, Sánchez-Benavides G, Gramunt N, Esteller M, Morán S, Minguillón C, Fauria K, Gispert JD (2018) Effects of APOE-ε4 allele load on brain morphology in a cohort of middle-aged healthy individuals with enriched genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 14:902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.016. pii: S1552-5260(18)30044-X
Canuet L, Pusil S, López ME, Bajo R, Pineda-Pardo JÁ, Cuesta P, Gálvez G, Gaztelu JM, Lourido D, García-Ribas G, Maestú F (2015) Network disruption and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and Phospho-Tau levels in mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci 35(28):10325–10330
Chao LL, Knight RT (1998) Contribution of human prefrontal cortex to delay performance. J Cogn Neurosci 10(2):167–177
Cheng CH, Wang PN, Hsu WY, Lin YY (2012) Inadequate inhibition of redundant auditory inputs in Alzheimer’s disease: an MEG study. Biol Psychol 89(2):365–373
Cirrito JR, Kang JE, Lee J, Stewart FR, Verges DK, Silverio LM, Bu G, Mennerick S, Holtzman DM (2008) Endocytosis is required for synaptic activity-dependent release of amyloid-beta in vivo. Neuron 58(1):42–51
Clapp WC, Rubens MT, Gazzaley A (2010) Mechanisms of working memory disruption by external interference. Cereb Cortex 20(4):859–872
Coane JH, Balota DA, Dolan PO, Jacoby LL (2011) Not all sources of familiarity are created equal: the case of word frequency and repetition in episodic recognition. Mem Cogn 39(5):791–805
Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Scalf P (2005) The implications of cortical recruitment and brain morphology for individual differences in inhibitory function in aging humans. Psychol Aging 20:363–375
Cowan N (2008) What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Prog Brain Res 169:323–338
Cuesta P, Garcés P, Castellanos NP, López ME, Aurtenetxe S, Bajo R, Pineda-Pardo JA, Bruña R, Marín AG, Delgado M, Barabash A, Ancín I, Cabranes JA, Fernandez A, Del Pozo F, Sancho M, Marcos A, Nakamura A, Maestú F (2015) Influence of the APOE ε4 allele and mild cognitive impairment diagnosis in the disruption of the MEG resting state functional connectivity in sources space. J Alzheimers Dis 44(2):493–505
D’Esposito M, Detre JA, Alsop DC, Shin RK, Atlas S, Grossman M (1995) The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature 378:279–281
Daselaar SM, Veltman DJ, Rombouts SA, Raaijmakers JG, Jonker C (2003) Neuroanatomical correlates of episodic encoding and retrieval in young and elderly subjects. Brain 126:43–56
Davis SW, Dennis NA, Daselaar SM, Fleck MS, Cabeza R (2008) Que PASA? The posterior-anterior shift in aging. Cereb Cortex 18(5):1201–1209
De Haan W, van der Flier WM, Koene T, Smits LL, Scheltens P, Stam CJ (2012a) Disrupted modular brain dynamics reflect cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroImage 59(4):3085–3093
De Haan W, van der Flier WM, Wang H, Van Mieghem PF, Scheltens P, Stam CJ (2012b) Disruption of functional brain networks in Alzheimer’s disease: what can we learn from graph spectral analysis of resting-state magnetoencephalography? Brain Connect 2(2):45–55
De Haan W, Mott K, van Straaten EC, Scheltens P, Stam CJ (2012c) Activity dependent degeneration explains hub vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS Comput Biol 8(8):e1002582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002582
De Luca M, Smith S, De Stefano N, Federico A, Matthews PM (2005) Blood oxygenation level dependent contrast resting state networks are relevant to functional activity in the neocortical sensorimotor system. Exp Brain Res 167:587–594
De Pasquale F (2010) Temporal dynamics of spontaneous MEG activity in brain networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:6040–6045
Dew IT, Buchler N, Dobbins IG, Cabeza R (2012) Where is ELSA? The early to late shift in aging. Cereb Cortex 22(11):2542–2553
Dickerson BC, Salat DH, Greve DN, Chua EF, Rand-Giovannetti E, Rentz DM, Bertram L, Mullin K, Tanzi RE, Blacker D, Albert MS, Sperling RA (2005) Increased hippocampal activation in mild cognitive impairment compared to normal aging and AD. Neurology 65:404–411
Fernández A, Maestu F, Amo C, Gil P, Fehr T, Wienbruch C et al (2002) Focal temporoparietal slow activity in Alzheimer’s disease revealed by magnetoencephalography. Biol Psychiatry 52(7):764–770
Fernández A, Arrazola J, Maestú F, Amo C, Gil-Gregorio P, Wienbruch C, Ortiz T (2003) Correlations of hippocampal atrophy and focal low-frequency magnetic activity in Alzheimer disease: volumetric MR imaging-magnetoencephalographic study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(3):481–487
Fernández A, García-Segura JM, Ortiz T, Montoya J, Maestú F, Gil-Gregorio P, Campo P, Viaño J (2005) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetoencephalographic estimation of delta dipole density: a combination of techniques that may contribute to the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20(2–3):169–177
Fernández A, Turrero A, Zuluaga P, Gil P, Maestú F, Campo P, Ortiz T (2006) Magnetoencephalographic parietal delta dipole density in mild cognitive impairment: preliminary results of a method to estimate the risk of developing Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 63(3):427–430
Fornito A, Zalesky A, Breakspear M (2015) The connectomics of brain disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 16(3):159–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3901
Forsberg A, Engler H, Almkvist O, Blomquist G, Hagman G, Wall A, Ringheim A, Långström B, Nordberg A (2008) PET imaging of amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 29(10):1456–1465
Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Corbetta M, Van Essen DC, Raichle ME (2005) The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(27):8–9673
Fox MD, Corbetta M, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle ME (2006) Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:10046–10051
Franciotti R, Iacono D, Della Penna S, Pizzella V, Torquati K, Onofrj M, Romani GL (2006) Cortical rhythms reactivity in AD, LBD and normal subjects: a quantitative MEG study. Neurobiol Aging 27(8):1100–1109
Fransson P (2005) Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis. Hum Brain Mapp 26:15–29
Garcia-Marin V, Blazquez-Llorca L, Rodriguez JR, Boluda S, Muntane G, Ferrer I, Defelipe J (2009) Diminished perisomatic GABAergic terminals on cortical neurons adjacent to amyloid plaques. Front Neuroanat 3:28
García-Pacios J, Gutierrez R, Solesio-Jofre E, Moratti S, Ruiz-Vargas JM, López-Frutos JM, Lorenzo-López L, Del-Pozo F, Maestú F (2013) Early prefrontal activation as a mechanisms to prevent forgetting in the context of interference. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 21(6):580–588. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31824bdf47
Gazzaley A, D’Esposito M (2007) Top-down modulation and normal aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1097:67–83
Gazzaley A, Cooney JW, Rissman J, D’Esposito M (2005) Top-down suppression deficit underlies working memory impairment in normal aging. Nat Neurosci 8:1298–1300
Gazzaley A, Clapp W, Kelley J, McEvoy K, Knight RT, D’Esposito M (2008) Age-related top-down suppression deficit in the early stages of cortical visual memory processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(35):13122–13126
Geschwind N (1965) Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man: part I. Brain 88(3):585–644
Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L, Hayashi KM, Greenstein D, Vaituzis AC, Nugent TF III, Herman DH, Clasen LS, Toga AW, Rapoport JL, Thompson PM (2004) Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:8174–8179
Grady CL (2000) Functional brain imaging and age-related changes in cognition. Biol Psychol 54(1–3):259–281
Grady CL (2008) Cognitive neuroscience of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:127–144
Grady C (2012) The cognitive neuroscience of ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci 13(7):491–505
Grady CL, McIntosh AR, Horwitz B, Rapoport SI (2000) Age-related changes in the neural correlates of degraded and nondegraded face processing. Cogn Neuropsychol 17:165–186
Grady CL, Springer MV, Hongwanishkul D, McIntosh AR, Winocur G (2006) Age-related changes in brain activity across the adult lifespan. J Cogn Neurosci 18:227–241
Grasby PM, Frith CD, Friston KJ, Simpson J, Fletcher PC, Frackowiak RS, Dolan RJ (1994) A graded task approach to the functional mapping of brain areas implicated in auditory-verbal memory. Brain 117.(Pt 6:1271–1282
Greicius MD, Krasnow B, Reiss AL, Menon V (2003) Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:253–258
Hall SD, Stanford IM, Yamawaki N, McAllister CJ, Rönnqvist KC, Woodhall GL, Furlong PL (2011) The role of GABAergic modulation in motor function related neuronal network activity. NeuroImage 56(3):1506–1510
Hampson M, Peterson BS, Skudlarski P, Gatenby JC, Gore JC (2002) Detection of functional connectivity using temporal correlations in MR images. Hum Brain Mapp 15:247–262
Hasher L, Zacks RT (1988) Working memory, comprehension, and aging: a review and a new view. In: Bower GH (ed) The psychology of learning and motivation. Academic, New York, pp 193–225
Hutton LC, Abbass M, Dickinson H, Ireland Z, Walker DW (2009a) Neuroprotective properties of melatonin in a model of birth asphyxia in the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Dev Neurosci 31(5):437–451
Hutton C, Draganski B, Ashburner J, Weiskopf NA (2009b) Comparison between voxel-based cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in normal aging. NeuroImage 48(2):371–380
Ishii R, Canuet L, Kurimoto R, Ikezawa K, Aoki Y, Azechi M, Takahashi H, Nakahachi T, Iwase M, Kazui H, Takeda M (2010) Frontal shift of posterior alpha activity is correlated with cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer’s disease: a magnetoencephalography-beamformer study. Psychogeriatrics 10(3):138–143
Kannurpatti SS, Motes MA, Rypma B, Biswal BB (2011) Increasing measurement accuracy of age-related BOLD signal change: minimizing vascular contributions by resting-state-fluctuation-of-amplitude scaling. Hum Brain Mapp 32(7):1125–1140
Kikuchi M, Wada Y, Koshino Y, Nanbu Y, Hashimoto T (2000) Effects of scopolamine on interhemispheric EEG coherence in healthy subjects: analysis during rest and photic stimulation. Clin Electroencephalogr 31(2):109–115
Koyama MS, Kelly C, Shehzad Z, Penesetti D, Castellanos FX et al (2010) Reading networks at rest. Cereb Cortex 10:2549–2559
Kukull WA, Bowen JD (2002) Dementia epidemiology. Med Clin N Am 86(3):573–590
Kurimoto R, Ishii R, Canuet L, Ikezawa K, Azechi M, Iwase M, Yoshida T, Kazui H, Yoshimine T, Takeda M (2008) Event-related synchronization of alpha activity in early Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: an MEG study combining beamformer and group comparison. Neurosci Lett 443(2):86–89
Kurimoto R, Ishii R, Canuet L, Ikezawa K, Iwase M, Azechi M, Aoki Y, Ikeda S, Yoshida T, Takahashi H, Nakahachi T, Kazui H, Takeda M (2012) Induced oscillatory responses during the Sternberg’s visual memory task in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. NeuroImage 59(4):4132–4140
Lewandowsky S, Oberauer K (2008) The word-length effect provides no evidence for decay in short-term memory. Psychon Bull Rev 15(5):875–888
Lewandowsky S, Duncan M, Brown GDA (2004) Time does not cause forgetting in short-term serial recall. Psychon Bull Rev 11:771–790
Li SC, Lindenberger U, Sikström S (2001) Aging cognition: from neuromodulation to representation. Trends Cogn Sci 5(11):479–486
Li SC, Naveh-Benjamin M, Lindenberger U (2005) Aging neuromodulation impairs associative binding: a neurocomputational account. Psychol Sci 16(6):445–450
Lindenberger U, Baltes PB (1994) Sensory functioning and intelligence in old age: a strong connection. Psychol Aging 9:339–355
Liu Z, Fukunaga M, de Zwart JA, Duyn JH (2010) Large-scale spontaneous fluctuations and correlations in brain electrical activity observed with magnetoencephalography. NeuroImage 51(1):102–111
López ME, Bruna R, Aurtenetxe S, Pineda-Pardo JA, Marcos A, Arrazola J et al (2014) Alpha-band Hypersynchronization in progressive mild cognitive impairment: a magnetoencephalography study. J Neurosci 34(44):14551–14559. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0964-14.2014
López-Sanz D, Bruña R, Garcés P, Martín-Buro MC, Walter S, Delgado ML, Montenegro M, López Higes R, Marcos A, Maestú F (2017) Functional connectivity disruption in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a common pattern of alterations. Front Aging Neurosci 9:109
Madden DJ, Turkington TG, Provenzale JM, Denny LL, Hawk TC, Gottlob LR, Coleman RE (1999) Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory. Hum Brain Mapp 7:115–135
Maestú F, Fernandez A, Simos PG, Gil-Gregorio P, Amo C, Rodriguez R, Arrazola J, Ortiz T (2001) Spatio-temporal patterns of brain magnetic activity during a memory task in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroreport 12:3917–3922
Maestú F, Arrazola J, Fernandez A, Simos PG, Amo C, Gil-Gregorio P, Fernandez S, Papanicolaou A, Ortiz T (2003) Do cognitive patterns of brain magnetic activity correlate with hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:208–212
Maestú F, Fernandez A, Simos PG, López-Ibor MI, Campo P, Criado J, Rodríguez-Palancas A, Ferre F, Amo C, Ortiz T (2004) Profiles of brain magnetic activity during a memory task in Alzheimer’s disease and non-demented elderly subjects with or without depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:1160–1162
Maestú F, Garcia-Segura J, Ortiz T, Montoya J, Fernandez A, Gil-Gregorio P, Campo P, Fernandez S, Viano J, Portera A (2005) Evidence of biochemical and biomagnetic interactions in Alzheimer’s disease: an MEG and MR spectroscopy study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20:145–152
Maestú F, Campo P, Gil-Gregorio P, Fernandez S, Fernandez A, Ortiz T (2006) Medial temporal lobe neuromagnetic hypoactivation and risk for developing cognitive decline in elderly population: a 2-year follow-up study. Neurobiol Aging 27:32–37
Maestú F, Campo P, Del Rio D, Moratti S, Gil-Gregorio P, Fernandez A, Capilla A, Ortiz T (2008) Increased biomagnetic activity in the ventral pathway in mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurophysiol 119:1320–1327
Maestu F, Baykova E, Ruiz JM, Montejo P, Montenegro M, Llanero M, Solesio E, Gil P, Yubero R, Paul N, Pozo F, Nevado A (2011) Increased biomagnetic activity in healthy elderly with subjective memory complaints. Clin Neurophysiol 122(3):499–505
Maestú F, Yubero R, Moratti S, Campo P, Gil-Gregorio P, Paul N, Solesio E, del Pozo F, Nevado A (2011) Brain activity patterns in stable and progressive mild cognitive impairment during working memory as evidenced by magnetoencephalography. J Clin Neurophysiol 28(2):202–209
Maestú F, Peña JM, Garcés P, González S, Bajo R, Bagic A, Cuesta P, Funke M, Mäkelä JP, Menasalvas E, Nakamura A, Parkkonen L, López ME, Del Pozo F, Sudre G, Zamrini E, Pekkonen E, Henson RN, Becker JT, Magnetoencephalography International Consortium of Alzheimer’s Disease (2015) A multicenter study of the early detection of synaptic dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment using Magnetoencephalography-derived functional connectivity. Neuroimage Clin 9:103–109
May CP (1999) Synchrony effects in cognition: the costs and a benefit. Psychon Bull Rev 6:142–147
Mazoyer B, Zago L, Mellet E, Bricogne S, Etard O, Houde O, Crivello F, Joliot M, Petit L, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2001) Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man. Brain Res Bull 54:287–298
Moscovitch M, Winocur G (1995) Frontal lobes, memory, and aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 769:119–150
Muller NG, Knight RT (2006) The functional neuroanatomy of working memory: contributions of human brain lesion studies. Neuroscience 139:51–58
Nairne JS (2002) Remembering over the short-term: the case against the standard model. Annu Rev Psychol 53:53–81
Nakamura A, Cuesta P, Kato T, Arahata Y, Iwata K, Yamagishi M, Kuratsubo I, Kato K, Bundo M, Diers K, Fernández A, Maestú F, Ito K (2017) Early functional network alterations in asymptomatic elders at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 7(1):6517
Nakamura A, Cuesta P, Fernández A, Arahata Y, Iwata K, Kuratsubo I, Bundo M, Hattori H, Sakurai T, Fukuda K, Washimi Y, Endo H, Takeda A, Diers K, Bajo R, Maestú F, Ito K, Kato T (2018) Electromagnetic signatures of the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 141:1470. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy044
Nichols LM, Masdeu JC, Mattay VS, Kohn P, Emery M, Sambataro F, Kolachana B, Elvevåg B, Kippenhan S, Weinberger DR, Berman KF (2012) Interactive effect of apolipoprotein e genotype and age on hippocampal activation during memory processing in healthy adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(8):804–813. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1893
O’Sullivan M, Jones DK, Summers PE, Morris RG, Williams SC, Markus HS (2001) Evidence for cortical “disconnection” as a mechanism of age-related cognitive decline. Neurology 57(4):632–638
Osipova D, Ahveninen J, Kaakkola S, Jääskeläinen IP, Huttunen J, Pekkonen E (2003) Effects of scopolamine on MEG spectral power and coherence in elderly subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 114(10):1902–1907
Osipova D, Ahveninen J, Jensen O, Ylikoski A, Pekkonen E (2005) Altered generation of spontaneous oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroImage 27(4):835–841
Osipova D, Pekkonen E, Ahveninen J (2006) Enhanced magnetic auditory steady-state response in early Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 117(9):1990–1995
Park DC, Polk TA, Park R, Minear M, Savage A, Smith MR (2004) Aging reduces neural specialization in ventral visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:13091–13095
Park J, Carp J, Hebrank A, Park DC, Polk TA (2010) Neural specificity predicts fluid processing ability in older adults. J Neurosci 30:9253–9259
Pascual-Leone A, Freitas C, Oberman L, Horvath JC, Halko M, Eldaief M, Bashir S, Vernet M, Shafi M, Westover B, Vahabzadeh-Hagh AM, Rotenberg A (2011) Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI. Brain Topogr 24(3–4):302–315
Pekkonen E, Huotilainen M, Virtanen J, Sinkkonen J, Rinne T, Ilmoniemi RJ, Näätänen R (1995) Age-related functional differences between auditory cortices: a whole-head MEG study. Neuroreport 6(13):1803–1806
Pekkonen E, Huotilainen M, Virtanen J, Naatanen R, Ilmoniemi RJ, Erkinjuntti T (1996) Alzheimer’s disease affects parallel processing between the auditory cortices. Neuroreport 7(8):1365–1368
Pekkonen E, Jaaskelainen IP, Hietanen M, Huotilainen M, Naatanen R, Ilmoniemi RJ et al (1999) Impaired preconscious auditory processing and cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 110(11):1942–1947
Pekkonen E, Hirvonen J, Jaaskelainen IP, Kaakkola S, Huttunen J (2001a) Auditory sensory memory and the cholinergic system: implications for Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroImage 14(2):376–382
Pekkonen E, Jaaskelainen LP, Erkinjuntti T, Hietanen M, Huotilainen M, Ilmoniemi RJ et al (2001b) Preserved stimulus deviance detection in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroreport 12(8):1649–1652
Pekkonen E, Jaaskelainen IP, Kaakkola S, Ahveninen J (2005) Cholinergic modulation of preattentive auditory processing in aging. NeuroImage 27(2):387–392
Pike KE, Savage G, Villemagne VL, Ng S, Moss SA, Maruff P, Mathis CA, Klunk WE, Masters CL, Rowe CC (2007) Beta-amyloid imaging and memory in non-demented individuals: evidence for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 130(Pt 11):2837–2844
Puregger E, Walla P, Deecke L, Dal-Bianco P (2003) Magnetoencephalographic–features related to mild cognitive impairment. NeuroImage 20(4):2235–2244
Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL (2001) A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:676–682
Ranasinghe KG, Hinkley LB, Beagle AJ, Mizuiri D, Honma SM, Welch AE, Hubbard I, Mandelli ML, Miller ZA, Garrett C, La A, Boxer AL, Houde JF, Miller BL, Vossel KA, Gorno-Tempini ML, Nagarajan SS (2017) Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal functional connectivity in primary progressive aphasia variants. Brain 140(10):2737–2751. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx217
Raz N, Lindenberger U, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Head D, Williamson A, Dahle C, Gerstorf D, Acker JD (2005) Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: general trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cereb Cortex 15(11):1676–1689
Reuter-Lorenz PA, Cappell KA (2008) Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17:177–182
Reuter-Lorenz PA, Lustig C (2005) Brain aging: reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:245–251
Reuter-Lorenz PA, Jonides J, Smith EE, Hartley A, Miller A, Marshuetz C, Koeppe RA (2000) Age differences in the frontal lateralization of verbal and spatial working memory revealed by PET. J Cogn Neurosci 12:174–187
Riekkinen P, Buzsaki G, Riekkinen P, Soininen H, Partanen J (1991) The cholinergic system and EEG slow waves. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 78:89–96
Rueda-Delgado L, Solesio-Jofre E, Serrien DJ, Daffertshofer A, Swinnen SP (2014) Understanding bimanual coordination across small time scales from an electrophysiological perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 47:614–635
Sakai K, Passingham RE (2004) Prefrontal selection and medial temporal lobe reactivation in retrieval of short-term verbal information. Cereb Cortex 14:914–921
Salthouse TA (1991) Mediation of adults age differences in cognition by reductions in working memory and speedy processing. Psychol Sci 2:179–183
Salthouse TA (1996) The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol Rev 103:403–428
Sanchez PE, Zhu L, Verret L, Vossel KA, Orr AG, Cirrito JR, Devidze N, Ho K, Yu GQ, Palop JJ, Mucke L (2012) Levetiracetam suppresses neuronal network dysfunction and reverses synaptic and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(42):E2895–E2903
Schlee W, Leirer V, Kolassa IT, Weisz N, Elbert T (2012) Age-related changes in neural functional connectivity and its behavioral relevance. BMC Neurosci 14(13):16
Shulman GL, Fiez JA, Corbetta M, Buckner RL, Miezin FM, Raichle ME, Petersen SE (1997) Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II: decreases in cerebral cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 9:648–663
Solesio-Jofre E, Lorenzo-López L, Gutiérrez R, López-Frutos JM, Ruiz-Vargas JM, Maestú F (2011) Age effects on retroactive interference during working memory maintenance. Biol Psychol 88(1):72–82
Solesio-Jofre E, Lorenzo-López L, Gutiérrez R, López-Frutos JM, Ruiz-Vargas JM, Maestú F (2012) Age-related effects in working memory recognition modulated by retroactive interference. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67(6):565–572
Solesio-Jofre E, Serbruyns L, Woolley D, Beets IAM, Mantini D, Swinnen S (2014) Aging effects on the resting state motor network and interlimb coordination. Hum Brain Mapp 35(8):3945–3961. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22450
Solesio-Jofre E, López-Frutos JM, Cashdollar N, Aurtenetxe S, de Ramón I, Fernando Maestú F (2016) The effects of aging on the working memory processes of multi-modal associations. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 24(3):299–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2016.1207749
Solesio-Jofre E, Beets IAM, Woolley DG, Pauwels L, Chalavi S, Mantini D, Swinnen SP (2018) Age-dependent modulations of resting state connectivity following motor practice. Front Aging Neurosci 6:10–25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00025
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM, Iwatsubo T, Jack CR Jr, Kaye J, Montine TJ, Park DC, Reiman EM, Rowe CC, Siemers E, Stern Y, Yaffe K, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Morrison-Bogorad M, Wagster MV, Phelps CH (2011) Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7(3):280–292
Stam CJ (2010) Use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study functional brain networks in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurol Sci 289(1–2):128–134. Epub 2009 Sep 2
Stam CJ, van Cappellen van Walsum AM, Pijnenburg YA, Berendse HW, de Munck JC, Scheltens P et al (2002) Generalized synchronization of MEG recordings in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for involvement of the gamma band. J Clin Neurophysiol 19(6):562–574
Stam CJ, Jones BF, Manshanden I, van Cappellen van Walsum AM, Montez T, Verbunt JP, de Munck JC, van Dijk BW, Berendse HW, Scheltens P (2006) Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of resting-state functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroImage 32(3):1335–1344
Stam CJ, de Haan W, Daffertshofer A, Jones BF, Manshanden I, van Cappellen van Walsum AM, Montez T, Verbunt JP, de Munck JC, van Dijk BW, Berendse HW, Scheltens P (2009) Graph theoretical analysis of magnetoencephalographic functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 132(Pt 1):213–224
Stephen JM, Montaño R, Donahue CH, Adair JC, Knoefel J, Qualls C, Hart B, Ranken D, Aine CJ (2010) Somatosensory responses in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm 117(2):217–225
Sullivan EV, Adalsteinsson E, Hedehus M, Ju C, Moseley M, Lim KO, Pfefferbaum A (2001) Equivalent disruption of regional white matter microstructure in ageing healthy men and women. Neuroreport 12(1):99–104
Terry RD, Katzman R (2001) Life span and synapses: will there be a primary senile dementia? Neurobiol Aging 22(3):347–348
Tulving E, Kapur S, Craik FI, Moscovitch M, Houle S (1994) Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: positron emission tomography findings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(6):2016–2020
Velanova K, Lustig C, Jacoby LL, Buckner RL (2007) Evidence for frontally mediated controlled processing differences in older adults. Cereb Cortex 17(5):1033–1046
Vincent JL, Snyder AZ, Fox MD, Shannon BJ, Andrews JR, Raichle ME, Buckner RL (2006) Coherent spontaneous activity identifies a hippocampal-parietal memory network. J Neurophysiol 96:3517–3531
Verdoorn TA, McCarten JR, Arciniegas DB, Golden R, Moldauer L, Georgopoulos A, Lewis S, Cassano M, Hemmy L, Orr W, Rojas DC (2011) Evaluation and tracking of Alzheimer’s disease severity using resting-state magnetoencephalography. J Alzheimers Dis 26 Suppl 3:239–55. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21971464. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-0056.
Walla P, Puregger E, Lehrner J, Mayer D, Deecke L, Dal Bianco P (2005) Depth of word processing in Alzheimer patients and normal controls: a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study. J Neural Transm 112(5):713–730
Wang L, Su L, Shen H, Hu D (2012) Decoding lifespan changes of the human brain using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. PLoS One 7(8):e44530. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044530. Epub 2012 Aug 30
West RL (1996) An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychol Bull 120:272–292
Westlye ET, Lundervold A, Rootwelt H, Lundervold AJ, Westlye LT (2011) Increased hippocampal default mode synchronization during rest in middle-aged and elderly APOE ε4 carriers: relationships with memory performance. J Neurosci 31(21):7775–7783
Wixted JT (2004) The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. Annu Rev Psychol 55:235–269
World Population Prospects (2011) https://population.un.org/wpp/
Zacks RT, Hasher L, Li KZH (1999) Human memory. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, Mahwah NJ (eds) The handbook of aging and cognition. Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 200–230
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Maestú, F., Solesio-Jofre, E., Bajo, R. (2019). Towards the Understanding of Healthy and Pathological Aging Through MEG. In: Supek, S., Aine, C. (eds) Magnetoencephalography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_28-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_28-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62657-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62657-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Towards the Understanding of Healthy and Pathological Aging Through MEG- Published:
- 12 September 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_28-2
-
Original
Towards the Understanding of Healthy and Pathological Aging Through MEG- Published:
- 11 April 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_28-1