Abstract
A novel cell culture surface grafted with the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) has been developed for controlled attachment and detachment of living cells through temperature changes. This temperature-responsive surface allows us to harvest confluent cells in the form of an intact monolayer cell sheet with deposited extra cellular matrices. Different from scaffold-based tissue engineering, cell sheet-based tissue engineering without the use of scaffolds provides another way for the development of tissue engineering. Taking advantage of the unique ability of cell sheets to generate three-dimensional (3D) tissues, we have also developed several methods to stack cell sheets and create functional tissues for therapy of a vast variety of diseases ranging from periodontitis and corneal disease to esophageal ulceration and heart failure. Moreover, we have created functional anisotropic tissues, thick vascularized tissues, and even organ-like systems by using cell sheet-based tissue engineering. In this chapter, we summarize development of temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces, cell sheet manipulation technologies, fabrication of thick tissues, and organ-like structures with cell sheets as well as applications of cell sheet-based tissue engineering.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akiyama Y, Kikuchi A, Yamato M, Okano T (2004) Ultrathin poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted layer on polystyrene surfaces for cell adhesion/detachment control. Langmuir 20:5506–5511
Akizuki T, Oda S, Komaki M, Tsuchioka H, Kawakatsu N, Kikuchi A, Yamato M, Okano T, Ishikawa I (2005) Application of periodontal ligament cell sheet for periodontal regeneration: a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontal Res 40:245–251
Aoyagi T, Ebara M, Sakai K, Sakurai Y, Okano T (2000) Novel bifunctional polymer with reactivity and temperature sensitivity. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 11:101–110
Arauchi A, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Obara T, Okano T (2009) Tissue-engineered thyroid cell sheet rescued hypothyroidism in rat models after receiving total thyroidectomy comparing with nontransplantation models. Tissue Eng Part A 15:3943–3949
Arisaka Y, Kobayashi J, Yamato M, Akiyama Y, Okano T (2013) Switching of cell growth/detachment on heparin-functionalized thermoresponsive surface for rapid cell sheet fabrication and manipulation. Biomaterials 34:4214–4222
Arisaka Y, Kobayashi J, Ohashi K, Tatsumi K, Kim K, Akiyama Y, Yamato M, Okano T (2016) A heparin-modified thermoresponsive surface with heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor for maintaining hepatic functions in vitro and harvesting hepatocyte sheets. Regen Ther 3:97–106
Asakawa N, Shimizu T, Tsuda Y, Sekiya S, Sasagawa T, Yamato M, Fukai F, Okano T (2010) Pre-vascularization of in vitro three-dimensional tissues created by cell sheet engineering. Biomaterials 31:3903–3909
Burillon C, Huot L, Justin V, Nataf S, Chapuis F, Decullier E, Damour O (2012) Cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) transplantation for the treatment of corneal limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:1325–1331
Cheng X, Canavan HE, Stein MJ, Hull JR, Kweskin SJ, Wagner MS, Somorjai GA, Castner DG, Ratner BD (2005) Surface chemical and mechanical properties of plasma-polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide. Langmuir 21:7833–7841
Ebara M, Yamato M, Aoyagi T, Kikuchi A, Sakai K, Okano T (2004) Temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces enable “on–off” affinity control between cell integrins and RGDS ligands. Biomacromolecules 5:505–510
Flores MG, Hasegawa M, Yamato M, Takagi R, Okano T, Ishikawa I (2008a) Cementum-periodontal ligament complex regeneration using the cell sheet technique. J Periodontal Res 43:364–371
Flores MG, Yashiro R, Washio K, Yamato M, Okano T, Ishikawa I (2008b) Periodontal ligament cell sheet promotes periodontal regeneration in athymic rats. J Clin Periodontol 35:1066–1072
Fu SW, Chien HW, Tsai WB (2013) Fabrication of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) films containing submicrometer grooves for constructing aligned cell sheets. Langmuir 29:14351–14355
Fukumori K, Akiyama Y, Yamato M, Kobayashi J, Sakai K, Okano T (2009) Temperature-responsive glass coverslips with an ultrathin poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) layer. Acta Biomater 5:470–476
Haraguchi Y, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2006) Electrical coupling of cardiomyocyte sheets occurs rapidly via functional gap junction formation. Biomaterials 27:4765–4774
Haraguchi Y, Sekine W, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Miyoshi S, Umezawa A, Okano T (2010) Development of a new assay system for evaluating the permeability of various substances through three-dimensional tissue. Tissue Eng Part C 16:685–692
Haraguchi Y, Shimizu T, Sasagawa T, Sekine H, Sakaguchi K, Kikuchi T, Sekine W, Sekiya S, Yamato M, Umezu M, Okano T (2012) Fabrication of functional three-dimensional tissues by stacking cell sheets in vitro. Nat Protoc 7:850–858
Haraguchi Y, Matsuura K, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Okano T (2015) Simple suspension culture system of human iPS cells maintaining their pluripotency for cardiac cell sheet engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 9:1363–1375
Harimoto M, Yamato M, Hirose M, Takahashi C, Isoi Y, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2002) Novel approach for achieving double-layered cell sheets co-culture: overlaying endothelial cell sheets onto monolayer hepatocytes utilizing temperature-responsive culture dishes. J Biomed Mater Res 62:464–470
Hasegawa M, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T, Ishikawa I (2005) Human periodontal ligament cell sheets can regenerate periodontal ligament tissue in an athymic rat model. Tissue Eng 11:469–478
Hata H, Matsumiya G, Miyagawa S, Kondoh H, Kawaguchi N, Matsuura N, Shimizu T, Okano T, Matsuda H, Sawa Y (2006) Grafted skeletal myoblast sheets attenuate myocardial remodeling in pacinginduced canine heart failure model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 132:918–924
Hayashida Y, Nishida K, Yamato M, Watanabe K, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Kikuchi A, Okano T, Tano Y (2005) Ocular surface reconstruction using autologous rabbit oral mucosal epithelial sheets fabricated ex vivo on a temperature-responsive culture surface. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:1632–1639
Hoashi T, Matsumiya G, Miyagawa S, Ichikawa H, Ueno T, Ono M, Saito A, Shimizu T, Okano T, Kawaguchi N, Matsuura N, Sawa Y (2009) Skeletal myoblast sheet transplantation improves the diastolic function of a pressure-overloaded right heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 138:460–467
Hofmann M, Wollert KC, Meyer GP, Menke A, Arseniev L, Hertenstein B, Ganser A, Knapp WH, Drexler H (2005) Monitoring of bone marrow cell homing into the infarcted human myocardium. Circulation 111:2198–2202
Isenberg BC, Tsuda Y, Williams C, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Okano T, Wong JY (2008) A thermoresponsive, microtextured substrate for cell sheet engineering with defined structural organization. Biomaterials 29:2565–2572
Ito S, Sato M, Yamato M, Mitani G, Kutsuna T, Nagai T, Ukai T, Kobayashi M, Kokubo M, Okano T, Mochida J (2012) Repair of articular cartilage defect with layered chondrocyte sheets and cultured synovial cells. Biomaterials 33:5278–5286
Itoga K, Okano T (2010) The high functionalization of temperature-responsive culture dishes for establishing advanced cell sheet engineering. J Mater Chem 20:8768–8775
Iwata T, Yamato M, Tsuchioka H, Takagi R, Mukobata S, Washio K, Okano T, Ishikawa I (2009) Periodontal regeneration with multi-layered periodontal ligament-derived cell sheets in a canine model. Biomaterials 30:2716–2723
Iwata T, Washio K, Yoshida T, Ishikawa I, Ando T, Yamato M, Okano T (2015) Cell sheet engineering and its application for periodontal regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 9:343–356
Jockenhoevel S, Zund G, Hoerstrup SP, Chalabi K, Sachweh JS, Demircan L, Messmer BJ, Turina M (2001) Fibrin gel – advantages of a new scaffold in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 19:424–430
Kaneshiro N, Sato M, Ishihara M, Mitani G, Sakai H, Mochida J (2006) Bioengineered chondrocyte sheets may be potentially useful for the treatment of partial thickness defects of articular cartilage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 349:723–731
Kang HW, Tabata Y, Ikada Y (1999) Fabrication of porous gelatin scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 20:1339–1344
Kanzaki M, Yamato M, Yang J, Sekine H, Kohno C, Takagi R, Hatakeyama H, Isaka T, Okano T, Onuki T (2007) Dynamic sealing of lung air leaks by the transplantation of tissue engineered cell sheets. Biomaterials 28:4294–4302
Kanzaki M, Yamato M, Yang J, Sekine H, Takagi R, Isaka T, Okano T, Onuki T (2008) Functional closure of visceral pleural defects by autologous tissue engineered cell sheets. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 34:864–869
Kikuchi T, Shimizu T, Wada M, Yamato M, Okano T (2014) Automatic fabrication of 3-dimensional tissues using cell sheet manipulator technique. Biomaterials 35:2428–2435
Kim K, Ohashi K, Utoh R, Kano K, Okano T (2012) Preserved liver-specific functions of hepatocytes in 3D co-culture with endothelial cell sheets. Biomaterials 33:1406–1413
Kim K, Utoh R, Ohashi K, Kikuchi T, Okano T (2015) Fabrication of functional 3D hepatic tissues with polarized hepatocytes by stacking endothelial cell sheets in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2102
Kirkpatrick CJ, Fuchs S, Unger RE (2011) Co-culture systems for vascularization – learning from nature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63:291–299
Kobayashi J, Hayashi M, Ohno T, Nishi M, Arisaka Y, Matsubara Y, Kakidachi H, Akiyama Y, Yamato M, Horii A, Okano T (2014) Surface design of antibodyimmobilized thermoresponsive cell culture dishes for recovering intact cells by low-temperature treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 102:3883–3893
Kokubo M, Sato M, Yamato M, Mitani G, Kutsuna T, Ebihara G, Okano T, Mochida J (2016) Characterization of chondrocyte sheets prepared using a co-culture method with temperature-responsive culture inserts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 10:486–495
Komuro I, Kaida T, Shibazaki Y, Kurabayashi M, Katoh Y, Hoh E, Takaku F, Yazaki Y (1990) Stretching cardiac myocytes stimulates protooncogene expression. J Biol Chem 265:3595–3598
Kondoh H, Sawa Y, Miyagawa S, Sakakida-Kitagawa S, Memon IA, Kawaguchi N, Matsuura N, Shimizu T, Okano T, Matsuda H (2006) Longer preservation of cardiac performance by sheet-shaped myoblast implantation in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters. Cardiovasc Res 69:466–475
Kubo H, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Fujimoto T, Okano T (2007) Creation of myocardial tubes using cardiomyocyte sheets and an in vitro cell sheet-wrapping device. Biomaterials 28:3508–3516
Kubo H, Shioyama T, Oura M, Suzuki A, Ogawa T, Makino H, Takeda S, Kino-oka M, Shimizu T, Okano T, Yamamori S (2013) Development of automated 3–dimensional tissue fabrication system tissue factory – automated cell isolation from tissue for regenerative medicine. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013:358–361
Kushida A, Yamato M, Konno C, Kikuchi A, Sakurai Y, Okano T (1999) Decrease in culture temperature releases monolayer endothelial cell sheets together with deposited fibronectin matrix from temperature responsive culture surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res 45:355–362
Kushida A, Yamato M, Konno C, Kikuchi A, Sakurai Y, Okano T (2000) Temperature-responsive culture dishes allow nonenzymatic harvest of differentiated Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell sheets. J Biomed Mater Res 51:216–223
Loh XJ, Cheong WCD, Li J, Ito Y (2009) Novel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) triblock copolymer surface as a culture substrate for human mesenchymal stem cells. Soft Matter 5:2937–2946
Maeda M, Yamato M, Kanzaki M, Iseki H, Okano T (2009) Thoracoscopic cell sheet transplantation with a novel device. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 3:255–259
Matsuura K, Wada M, Shimizu T, Haraguchi Y, Sato F, Sugiyama K, Konishi K, Shiba Y, Ichikawa H, Tachibana A, Ikeda U, Yamato M, Hagiwara N, Okano T (2012) Creation of human cardiac cell sheets using pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 425:321–327
Matsuura K, Kodama F, Sugiyama K, Shimizu T, Hagiwara N, Okano T (2015) Elimination of remaining undifferentiated induced pluripotent stem cells in the process of human cardiac cell sheet fabrication using a methionine-free culture condition. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 21:330–338
Matsuura K, Seta H, Haraguchi Y, Alsayegh K, Sekine H, Shimizu T, Hagiwara N, Yamazaki K, Okano T (2016) TRPV-1-mediated elimination of residual iPS cells in bioengineered cardiac cell sheet tissues. Sci Rep 6:21747
Miyahara Y, Nagaya N, Kataoka M, Yanagawa B, Tanaka K, Hao H, Ishino K, Ishida H, Shimizu T, Kangawa K, Sano S, Okano T, Kitamura S, Mori H (2006) Monolayered mesenchymal stem cells repair scarred myocardium after myocardial infarction. Nat Med 12:459–465
Mizutani A, Kikuchi A, Yamato M, Kanazawa H, Okano T (2008) Preparation of thermoresponsive polymer brush surfaces and their interaction with cells. Biomaterials 29:2073–2081
Nagase K, Watanabe M, Kikuchi A, Yamato M, Okano T (2011) Thermo-responsive polymer brushes as intelligent biointerfaces: preparation via ATRP and characterization. Macromol Biosci 11:400–409
Nakayama M, Yamada N, Kumashiro Y, Kanazawa H, Yamato M, Okano T (2012) Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based block copolymer coating for optimizing cell sheet fabrication. Macromol Biosci 12:751–760
Nishi M, Kobayashi J, Pechmann S, Yamato M, Akiyama Y, Kikuchi A, Uchida K, Textor M, Yajima H, Okano T (2007) The use of biotin-avidin binding to facilitate biomodification of thermoresponsive culture surfaces. Biomaterials 28:5471–5476
Nishida K, Yamato M, Hayashida Y, Watanabe K, Yamamoto K, Adachi E, Nagai S, Kikuchi A, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Okano T, Tano Y (2004a) Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium. N Engl J Med 351:1187–1196
Nishida K, Yamato M, Hayashida Y, Watanabe K, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Yamamoto K, Nagai S, Kikuchi A, Tano Y, Okano T (2004b) Functional bioengineered corneal epithelial sheet grafts from corneal stem cells expanded ex vivo on a temperature-responsive cell culture surface. Transplantation 77:379–385
Ohashi K, Yokoyama T, Yamato M, Kuge H, Kanehiro H, Tsutsumi M, Amanuma T, Iwata H, Yang J, Okano T, Nakajima Y (2007) Engineering functional two- and three-dimensional liver systems in vivo using hepatic tissue sheets. Nat Med 13:880–885
Ohki T, Yamato M, Murakami D, Takagi R, Yang J, Namiki H, Okano T, Takasaki K (2006) Treatment of oesophageal ulcerations using endoscopic transplantation of tissue-engineered autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets in a canine model. Gut 55:1704–1710
Ohki T, Yamato M, Ota M, Murakami D, Takagi R, Kondo M, Nakamura T, Okano T, Yamamoto M (2009) Endoscopic transplantation of human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets – world’s first case of regenerative medicine applied to endoscopic treatment. Gastrointest Endosc 69:AB253–AB254
Ohki T, Yamato M, Ota M, Takagi R, Murakami D, Kondo M, Sasaki R, Namiki H, Okano T, Yamamoto M (2012) Prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection using tissue-engineered cell sheets. Gastroenterology 143(582–588):e1–e2
Okano T, Yamada N, Sakai H, Sakurai Y (1993) A novel recovery system for cultured cells using plasma-treated polystyrene dishes grafted with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide). J Biomed Mater Res 27:1243–1251
Okano T, Yamada N, Okuhara M, Sakai H, Sakurai Y (1995) Mechanism of cell detachment from temperature-modulated, hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymer surfaces. Biomaterials 16:297–303
Owaki T, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Okano T (2014) Cell sheet engineering for regenerative medicine: current challenges and strategies. Biotechnol J 9:904–914
Sakaguchi K, Shimizu T, Horaguchi S, Sekine H, Yamato M, Umezu M, Okano T (2013) In vitro engineering of vascularized tissue surrogates. Sci Rep 3:1316
Sakuma M, Kumashiro Y, Nakayama M, Tanaka N, Umemura K, Yamato M, Okano T (2014) Control of cell adhesion and detachment on Langmuir-Schaefer surface composed of dodecyl-terminated thermo-responsive polymers. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 25:431–443
Sasagawa T, Shimizu T, Sekiya S, Haraguchi Y, Yamato M, Sawa Y, Okano T (2010) Design of prevascularized three-dimensional cell-dense tissues using a cell sheet stacking manipulation technology. Biomaterials 31:1646–1654
Sawa Y, Miyagawa S, Sakaguchi T, Fujita T, Matsuyama A, Saito A, Shimizu T, Okano T (2012) Tissue engineered myoblast sheets improved cardiac function sufficiently to discontinue LVAS in a patient with DCM: report of a case. Surg Today 42:181–184
Schakenraad JM, Hardonk MJ, Feijen J, Molenaar I, Nieuwenhuis P (1990) Enzymatic activity toward poly(L-lactic acid) implants. J Biomed Mater Res 24:529–545
Schmidt S, Zeiser M, Hellweg T, Duschl C, Fery A, Möhwald H (2010) Adhesion and mechanical properties of PNIPAM microgel films and their potential use as switchable cell culture substrates. Adv Funct Mater 20:3235–3243
Schwab IR (1999) Cultured corneal epithelia for ocular surface disease. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 97:891–986
Sekine H, Shimizu T, Yang J, Kobayashi E, Okano T (2006) Pulsatile myocardial tubes fabricated with cell sheet engineering. Circulation 114:I87–I93
Sekine H, Shimizu T, Sakaguchi K, Dobashi I, Wada M, Yamato M, Kobayashi E, Umezu M, Okano T (2013) In vitro fabrication of functional three-dimensional tissues with perfusable blood vessels. Nat Commun 4:1399
Sekiya S, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2006) Bioengineered cardiac cell sheet grafts have intrinsic angiogenic potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 341:573–582
Shimizu T, Yamato M, Isoi Y, Akutsu T, Setomaru T, Abe K, Kikuchi A, Umezu M, Okano T (2002a) Fabrication of pulsatile cardiac tissue grafts using a novel 3-dimensional cell sheet manipulation technique and temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces. Circ Res 90:40–48
Shimizu T, Yamato M, Akutsu T, Shibata T, Isoi Y, Kikuchi A, Umezu M, Okano T (2002b) Electrically communicating three-dimensional cardiac tissue mimic fabricated by layered cultured cardiomyocyte sheets. J Biomed Mater Res 60:110–117
Shimizu T, Sekine H, Yang J, Isoi Y, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Kobayashi E, Okano T (2006a) Polysurgery of cell sheet grafts overcomes diffusion limits to produce thick, vascularized myocardial tissues. FASEB J 20:708–710
Shimizu T, Sekine H, Isoi Y, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2006b) Long-term survival and growth of pulsatile myocardial tissue grafts engineered by the layering of cardiomyocyte sheets. Tissue Eng 12:499–507
Shimizu H, Ohashi K, Utoh R, Ise K, Gotoh M, Yamato M, Okano T (2009) Bioengineering of a functional sheet of islet cells for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Biomaterials 30:5943–5949
Shiroyanagi Y, Yamato M, Yamazaki Y, Toma H, Okano T (2003) Transplantable urothelial cell sheets harvested noninvasively from temperature-responsive culture surfaces by reducing temperature. Tissue Eng 9:1005–1012
Shiroyanagi Y, Yamato M, Yamazaki Y, Toma H, Okano T (2004) Urothelium regeneration using viable cultured urothelial cell sheets grafted on demucosalized gastric flaps. BJU Int 93:1069–1075
Takahashi H, Okano T (2015) Cell sheet-based tissue engineering for organizing anisotropic tissue constructs produced using microfabricated thermoresponsive substrates. Adv Healthc Mater 4:2388–2407
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663–676
Takahashi H, Nakayama M, Yamato M, Okano T (2010) Controlled chain length and graft density of thermoresponsive polymer brushes for optimizing cell sheet harvest. Biomacromolecules 11:1991–1999
Takahashi H, Nakayama M, Itoga K, Yamato M, Okano T (2011a) Micropatterned thermoresponsive polymer brush surfaces for fabricating cell sheets with well-controlled orientational structures. Biomacromolecules 12:1414–1418
Takahashi H, Nakayama M, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Okano T (2011b) Anisotropic cell sheets for constructing three-dimensional tissue with well-organized cell orientation. Biomaterials 32:8830–8838
Takahashi H, Shimizu T, Nakayama M, Yamato M, Okano T (2013) The use of anisotropic cell sheets to control orientation during the self-organization of 3D muscle tissue. Biomaterials 34:7372–7380
Takahashi H, Shimizu T, Nakayama M, Yamato M, Okano T (2015) Anisotropic cellular network formation in engineered muscle tissue through the self-organization of neurons and endothelial cells. Adv Healthc Mater 4:356–360
Takaku Y, Murai K, Ukai T, Ito S, Kokubo M, Satoh M, Kobayashi E, Yamato M, Okano T, Takeuchi M, Mochida J, Sato M (2014) In vivo cell tracking by bioluminescence imaging after transplantation of bioengineered cell sheets to the knee joint. Biomaterials 35:2199–2206
Takeuchi R, Kuruma Y, Sekine H, Dobashi I, Yamato M, Umezu M, Shimizu T, Okano T (2014) In vivo vascularization of cell sheets provided better long-term tissue survival than injection of cell suspension. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.1854
Tanaka N, Ota H, Fukumori K, Miyake J, Yamato M, Okano T (2014) Micro-patterned cell-sheets fabricated with stamping-force-controlled micro-contact printing. Biomaterials 35:9802–9810
Tateishi-Yuyama E, Matsubara H, Murohara T, Ikeda U, Shintani S, Masaki H, Amano K, Kishimoto Y, Yoshimoto K, Akashi H, Shimada K, Iwasaka T, Imaizumi T (2002) Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischaemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells: a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360:427–435
Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, Jones JM (1998) Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282:1145–1147
Tsuda Y, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Sasagawa T, Sekiya S, Kobayashi J, Chen G, Okano T (2007) Cellular control of tissue architectures using a three dimensional tissue fabrication technique. Biomaterials 28:4939–4946
Walters MC, Patience M, Leisenring W, Eckman JR, Scott JP, Mentzer WC, Davies SC, Ohene-Frempong K, Bernaudin F, Matthews DC, Storb R, Sullivan KM (1996) Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 335:369–376
Williams C, Tsuda Y, Isenberg BC, Yamato M, Shimizu T, Okano T, Wong JY (2009) Aligned cell sheets grown on thermo-responsive substrates with microcontact printed protein patterns. Adv Mater 21:2161–2164
Yamato M, Okano T (2004) Cell sheet engineering. Mater Today 7:42–47
Yamato M, Okuhara M, Karikusa F, Kikuchi A, Sakurai Y, Okano T (1999) Signal transduction and cytoskeletal reorganization are required for cell detachment from cell culture surfaces grafted with a temperature-responsive polymer. J Biomed Mater Res 44:44–52
Yamato M, Utsumi M, Kushida A, Konno C, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2001) Thermo-responsive culture dishes allow the intact harvest of multilayered keratinocyte sheets without dispase by reducing temperature. Tissue Eng 7:473–480
Zandonella C (2003) Tissue engineering: the beat goes on. Nature 421:884–886
Zhang J, Wilson GF, Soerens AG, Koonce CH, Yu J, Palecek SP, Thomson JA, Kamp TJ (2009) Functional cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Circ Res 104:30–41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gao, B., Shimizu, T., Okano, T. (2021). Cell Sorting, Culture, Preconditioning, and Modulation/Cell Aggregates: Sheets. In: Holnthoner, W., Banfi, A., Kirkpatrick, J., Redl, H. (eds) Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54586-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54586-8_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54584-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54586-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering