Abstract
While the project governance literature has focused on internal stakeholders, with the emergence of social technologies, the historical rules of the literature are changing. Regarding these technologies, some intangible strategies are available, including the possibility to collect and share information, communicating data and communities, organizing issues to transfer them to organizations, accessing and organizing a large number of people simultaneously, establishing a social discourse, and distribution of power and value between organizations and external stakeholders; Everything that facilitates good governance. This paper reviews the literature in three project management journals, which contain a significant part of the project management literature, addresses the importance of developing a stakeholder-oriented approach in this new context, and shows the studied and neglected parts. The review showed that stakeholder engagement becomes more complex through facilitating, strengthening, and diversifying partnerships by online technologies. Moreover, mediating factors such as the relationship between online and offline stakeholders add to this complexity. The advantages of having potent stakeholders are more than its disadvantages. However, it is necessary to examine more deeply the interaction of managers with influential stakeholders.
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Appendices
Appendices
Appendix A. Reviewed articles and their main themes
Reference | Technology for Project Team | Technology for Project Community | Large/Public | Platform | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref. No. | Article (Autor, year) | Journal | Online | Social | Online | Social | Projects | Teams/Groups | |
[6] | (Harley 2011) | IJMPiB | ✔ | ||||||
[14] | (Rosa et al. 2016) | IJMPiB | ✔ | ||||||
[22] | (Helbrough 1995) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[13] | (Tam 1999) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[23] | (Xue et al. 2007) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[24] | (Ruuska and Teigland 2009) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Website | |||
[25] | (Ojiako et al. 2017) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[15] | (Zhang et al. 2018) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[9] | (Ninan et al. 2019) | IJPM | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
[26] | (Scanlin 1998) | PMJ | ✔ | Website | |||||
[8] | (Mead 2001) | PMJ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[21] | (Giffin 2002) | PMJ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[7] | (Williams et al. 2015) | PMJ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[27] | (Petter and Carter 2017) | PMJ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
[12] | (Lobo and Abid 2019) | PMJ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Website | |||
Appendix B. Reviewed articles, their search approaches, and the type of stakeholders every paper has focused on (internal or external)
Ref. No. | Article (Autor, year) | Journal | Research Approach | Research Strategy | Stakeholder View (Internal/External) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[6] | (Harley 2011) | IJMPiB | Inductive | Multiple case study | Internal |
[14] | (Rosa et al. 2016) | IJMPiB | Inductive | Interview Literature | Internal |
[22] | (Helbrough 1995) | IJPM | - | Interview Literature | Internal |
[13] | (Tam 1999) | IJPM | Deductive | Experiment | Internal |
[23] | (Xue et al. 2007) | IJPM | - | Literature | Internal |
[24] | (Ruuska and Teigland 2009) | IJPM | Inductive | Single case study | Internal/External |
[25] | (Ojiako et al. 2017) | IJPM | Deductive | Survey | Internal |
[15] | (Zhang et al. 2018) | IJPM | Inductive Deductive | Multiple case study Survey | Internal |
[9] | (Ninan et al. 2019) | IJPM | Inductive | Single case study Grounded theory | Internal/External |
[26] | (Scanlin 1998) | PMJ | Deductive | Survey | Internal |
[8] | (Mead 2001) | PMJ | Deductive | Survey | Internal |
[21] | (Giffin 2002) | PMJ | - | Literature | Internal |
[7] | (Williams et al. 2015) | PMJ | Inductive | Single case study | External |
[27] | (Petter and Carter 2017) | PMJ | Inductive | Action Research | Internal |
[12] | (Lobo and Abid 2019) | PMJ | Inductive | Single case study | Internal/External |
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Nayeri, M.D., Sobhiyah, M.H. (2023). Project Governance and External Stakeholders: The Role of Social Technologies – A Literature Review. In: Bushuyev, S., Ding, R., Radujkovic, M. (eds) Project Management in the Digital Transformation Era. IPMA 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 704. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34629-3_1
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