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Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was first described in a case-based report in 1967 [1]. After this date, various definitions of ARDS were made, and the specific diagnostic criteria determined at the American-European consensus conference in 1994 were accepted for a long time [2]. According to these criteria, ARDS was defined as acute onset, and bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray (CXR), absence of heart failure to explain this condition, and partial oxygen pressure/inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ratio in arterial blood below 200 (Figs. 1 and 2). Patients with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio below 300 according to their oxygenation status were considered acute lung injury (ALI). In this definition, no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values and risk factors were specified, and an acute onset of which the exact duration was not specified was mentioned. Due to the limitations determined in these criteria over time, new diagnostic criteria were proposed by the European Intensive Care Association and published as a consensus report in 2012 [3]. According to this definition, which is called the Berlin definition, every patient with acute onset, characterized by bilateral lung infiltrates, whose clinical picture cannot be explained by heart failure, and hypoxemia with a PaO2/FiO2 < 300 below the minimum PEEP value is considered as ARDS (Table 1).

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  1. Department of Pulmonology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey

    Selma Aydogan Eroglu & Tekin Yildiz

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  1. Selma Aydogan Eroglu
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  2. Tekin Yildiz
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye

    Cemal Cingi

  2. Department of Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye

    Arzu Yorgancıoğlu

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

  4. Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine and ProAR Foundation, Salvador - Bahia, Brazil

    Alvaro A. Cruz

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Eroglu, S.A., Yildiz, T. (2023). Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Cingi, C., Yorgancıoğlu, A., Bayar Muluk, N., Cruz, A.A. (eds) Airway Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_103-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_103-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22482-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-22483-6

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