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Linking Anorexia Nervosa with the Gut Microbiota

A New Narrative

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Eating Disorders

Abstract

In the present chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the potential role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) and discuss the potential of modifying the gut microbiota as an adjunct to standard nutritional treatment protocols for AN patients. Recently, the gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as an important factor contributing to various diseases, including psychiatric disorders. Gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system on the gut-brain axis and potentially affects mental health. In patients with AN, the microbial composition and related microbial products differ from healthy individuals. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is a very important antigenic source for the host immune system. Evidence is now emerging for an association between specific psychiatric disorders and altered immune reactions, some of which have been described in patients with AN. Some immune components have the potential to regulate brain functions and may underlie the pathology of anorexia nervosa.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Activity-based anorexia

AN:

Anorexia nervosa

ATB:

Antibiotic

BCAA:

Branched-chain amino acid

BED:

Binge eating disorder

BMI:

Body mass index

BN:

Bulimia nervosa

ClpB:

Caseinolytic protease B

CNS:

Central nervous system

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

FMT:

Fecal microbiota transplantation

fT4:

Free thyroxine

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GF:

Germ-free

HPA axis:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IL-17:

Interleukin 17

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

MC:

Melanocortin

NPY/AGRP:

Neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide

OTU:

Operational taxonomic unit

PANDAS:

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections

POMC/CART:

Pro-opiomelanocortin/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript

SAM:

S-Adenosyl-l-methionine

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acid

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TSH:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

α-MSH:

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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Acknowledgments

Supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. NU22-04-00010.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    Radka Roubalova & Petra Prochazkova

  2. Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    Hana Papezova

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  1. Radka Roubalova
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  2. Petra Prochazkova
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  3. Hana Papezova
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Correspondence to Radka Roubalova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Roubalova, R., Prochazkova, P., Papezova, H. (2023). Linking Anorexia Nervosa with the Gut Microbiota. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Eating Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16691-4_26

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