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An Irishman in Mexico: Bernard Shaw in the Mexican Press (1900–1960)

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Bernard Shaw and the Spanish-Speaking World

Part of the book series: Bernard Shaw and His Contemporaries ((BSC))

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Abstract

The study and reception of the work and ideas of Bernard Shaw in the Mexican press during the first half of the twentieth century is a theme that has not been broached, and thus could well be seen as a fertile field for the study of the history of the Mexican press and literature. What is certain is that, in the specific case of Mexico, this reception process was marked by conjunctures and structural changes that represented the end of one regime—the Porfiriato—and the rise and consolidation of another—the revolutionary. On the one hand, during the former, the sense of Francization reigned in the breast of a small but powerful urban elite. On the other hand, the governors who emerged from the Revolution were, initially, inclined to foment a nationalism in which the resurgence of the arts in the country was based on the revival of the pre-Hispanic world.

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.

—Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman. (A Comedy and a Philosophy (Westminster: Archibald Constable & and Co., Ltd., 1903), 238.)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Javier Pérez Siller, “Inversiones francesas en la modernidad porfirista: mecanismos y actores.” In México Francia: Memoria de una sensibilidad común, Siglos XIX–XX (Vol. II), ed. Javier Pérez Siller and Chantai Cramaussel (México: Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, 1993), 83. Quotations from Spanish sources translated by the author.

  2. 2.

    Alicia Azuela de la Cueva, Arte y poder. Renacimiento artístico y revolución social. México, 1901–1945 (México: El Colegio de Michoacán-Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2005), 13.

  3. 3.

    T. F. Evans, George Bernard Shaw: The Critical Heritage. (New York: Routledge, 2007), 5–6.

  4. 4.

    Omar F. González Salinas, “Fiesta cívica y culto al ‘Padre de la Patria’ en el Estado revolucionario, 1910–1940.” Secuencia 93 (2015): 173.

  5. 5.

    “Books, Authors, Magazines, Poems,” El Heraldo Mexicano (19 November 1905), 11.

  6. 6.

    Ibid.

  7. 7.

    “News of the Playhouses,” El Heraldo Mexicano (19 November 1905), 13.

  8. 8.

    Ibid.

  9. 9.

    “La resurrección de Don Juan,” El Imparcial (1 November 1906), 1. In Mexico this figure had become popular in the nineteenth century, thanks to José Zorrilla’s Don Juan Tenorio, first staged in 1865.

  10. 10.

    “Una Fabulilla,” El Correo Español (2 February 1907), 1.

  11. 11.

    Associated Press, “Do not Want the Czar to Come,” The Mexican Herald (27 July 1909), 1.

  12. 12.

    “The Outlook,” El Heraldo Mexicano (16 July 1910), 1.

  13. 13.

    “Chispazos,” El Heraldo Mexicano (26 December 1904), 4.

  14. 14.

    “Notas editorials,” El Tiempo (5 May 1910), 1; and “Los trabajadores ingleses,” La Iberia (5 May 1910), 1.

  15. 15.

    “Chispazos,” El Heraldo Mexicano (7 November 1906), 1; and “A Great Thought,” El Heraldo Mexicano (19 June 1907), 1.

  16. 16.

    “The Aztec Land,” El Heraldo Mexicano (16 February 1911), 9.

  17. 17.

    Ramiro, “Todos tenemos dentro nuestro Napoleón en pequeño,” La Opinión (29 May 1913), 3. The full name of the author is not visible in the digitized copy available at http://www.hndm.unam.mx/consulta/resultados/visualizar/558a36867d1ed64f16c9a2ec?resultado=5&tipo=pagina&intPagina=3.

  18. 18.

    “Bernard Shaw and la crítica,” El Tiempo (22 June 1911), 4.

  19. 19.

    “Una comedia de Bernard,” El Nacional: periódico de literatura, ciencias, artes, industria, minería y comercio (19 November 1917), 3. See Ruano San Segundo, in this volume.

  20. 20.

    Formed in 1915, the other members of this group of intellectuals, charged with the academic reconstruction of Mexico, were Alberto Vásquez del Mercado, Alfonso Caso, Manuel Gómez Morín, Vicente Lombardo Toledano, Teófilo Olea and Leyva, and Jesús Moreno Baca.

  21. 21.

    Asela Rodríguez-Seda de Laguna, Shaw en el mundo hispánico (Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1981), 57.

  22. 22.

    Arnaldo Córdova, “Mexico: Revolución burguesa y política de masas.” In Interpretaciones de la Revolución Mexicana, eds. Adolfo Gilly et al., 55–89. (México: Nueva Imagen (UNAM), 1980), 70, 84.

  23. 23.

    Bernard Shaw, “La causa alemana-inglesa,” Boletín de la Guerra (2 February 1915), 1–2.

  24. 24.

    Muñoz Bustamante, “El grande anhelo del mundo,” El Pueblo (7 May 1918), 5.

  25. 25.

    Claude Fell, José Vasconcelos. Los años del águila (1920–1925). Educación, cultura e iberoamericanismo en el México posrevolucionario. (México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1989), 464.

  26. 26.

    “Informe de los trabajos realizados de julio de 1921 a febrero de 1922,” Boletín de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (1 May 1922), 318.

  27. 27.

    “Revista ‘El Maestro’,” Boletín de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (1 January 1924), 32.

  28. 28.

    Claude Fell, José Vasconcelos: Ulises criollo (Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2000), 109.

  29. 29.

    This group of intellectuals—named after the magazine Contemporáneos—born in Mexico between 1899 and 1905 were devoted to literature, teaching, diplomacy, and journalism. Its members include José Gorostiza, Salvador Novo, Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano, Gilberto Owen, Carlos Pellicer, and Jaime Torres Bodet.

  30. 30.

    Jorge Cuesta, “La Santa Juana de Shaw,” La Antorcha (25 August 1925), 23; and Augusto Isla, Jorge Cuesta: El león y el andrógino: un ensayo de sociología de la cultura (México: Instituto Mexiquense de Cultura, 2010), 109 and passim.

  31. 31.

    “Tolstoi contra Shaw. Unas cartas inéditas,” La Nueva Voz (19 May 1928), 24–25.

  32. 32.

    Bernard Shaw, “El espanto ruso,” El Maestro: revista de cultura general (19 May 1921), 54–58. The article only reprinted and translated the relevant section of the lecture Shaw delivered on 29 January 1920 at Kingsway Hall, entitled (and later published as) “Socialism and the Labour Party.” Available at https://ia800704.us.archive.org/5/items/n1n3elmaestrorevista01mexi/n1n3elmaestrorevista01mexi.pdf.

  33. 33.

    “Instantáneas neoyorquinas,” El Informador (22 November 1925), 3.

  34. 34.

    Tancredo Pinochet, “Bernard Shaw habla acerca del socialismo,” El Informador (29 January 1926), 3.

  35. 35.

    Consorcio Internacional de la Prensa, “La vida de George Bernard Shaw,” El Informador (26 August 1926), 3, 5.

  36. 36.

    This tension led to the Cristero War (1926–1929), an armed struggle between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities in Mexico.

  37. 37.

    Under the direction of Gregorio Martínez Sierra. See Archibald Henderson, George Bernard Shaw: Man of the Century (London: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1958), 938. Martínez Sierra had staged the play in Spain a few years earlier, to great critical acclaim (see Nieto Caballero, in this issue).

  38. 38.

    “Teatro Degollado. Cándida, creación de Gloria Iturbe,” El Informador (15 February 1934), 6.

  39. 39.

    José Elizondo, “Santa Juana, de Bernard Shaw, en Bellas Artes,” Excélsior (26 June 1936), 5.

  40. 40.

    Xavier Villaurrutia, Textos y pretextos (Mexico: Ediciones Casa de España, 1940), 179.

  41. 41.

    Bracho, Julio. “Teatros experimentales en México,” El Nacional (1 May 1937), 21.

  42. 42.

    José Manuel Rodríguez, “Breve charla con Fernando Wagner,” El Nacional (27 April 1939), 4.

  43. 43.

    “Nueva pieza del Teatro Panamericano,” El Nacional (2 July 1939), 3.

  44. 44.

    “Bernard Shaw pasó ayer por esta capital,” El Informador (12 March 1936), 1, 6.

  45. 45.

    See “Huésped ilustre: G.B.S.,” Revista de revistas (8 March 1936), 1.

  46. 46.

    “Bernard Shaw en México,” El Porvenir (16 March 1936), 3.

  47. 47.

    Ewald “Una entrevista con Bernard Shaw,” Sucesos para todos (24 March 1936), 44.

  48. 48.

    Ewald “Una entrevista con Bernard Shaw,” Sucesos para todos (24 March 1936), 44, 51; John Ervine, “Una gran figura. Bernard Shaw, socialista aristócrata,” El Porvenir (22 September 1936), 3.

  49. 49.

    Nemesio García Naranjo, “Los escritores de moda,” El Porvenir (16 June 1935), 3.

  50. 50.

    ¿Es Bernard Shaw un sabio … o un farsante …? Sucesos para todos (27 June 1939), 28.

  51. 51.

    Hal Draper has an explanation: “Both the Webbs and Bernard Shaw […] became advocates of Stalinist totalitarianism in the 1930s. Earlier, Shaw, who thought socialism needed a Superman, found more than one. He supported Mussolini and Hitler as benevolent despots […], and he was disillusioned when he realized that they did not really abolish capitalism.” See Hal Draper “¿Qué es el socialismo desde abajo?,” Socialismo o Barbarie (2013[1968]). Available at http://www.socialismo-o-barbarie.org/?p=906. Last accessed on February 9, 2017.

  52. 52.

    Romo Emilio Uribe, “Modernismo femenino,” Crisol (1 January 1934), 24; Bernard Shaw, “La campaña antijudía de los nazis,” El Nacional (14 March 1933), 3; “Bernard Shaw dice que el capitalism está condenado,” El Porvenir (2 August 1931), 1; “Los financieros norteamericanos han seguido una política suicida,” El Nacional (15 April 1933), 1, 4.

  53. 53.

    “Bernard Shaw en México,” El Porvenir (13 March 1936), 1, 4.

  54. 54.

    Xavier Villaurrutia, “Lo increíble de Benavente,” Jueves de Excélsior (23 July 1942), 31. See also Jiménez Torres, in this volume.

  55. 55.

    Adolfo Urgo, “Bernard Shaw y el teatro de las ideas,” El Nacional (17 April 1941), 3.

  56. 56.

    Manuel Torre, “Tránsito y valor de Jorge Bernard Shaw,” El Nacional (21 May 1950), 6.

  57. 57.

    Asela Rodríguez-Seda de Laguna, Shaw en el mundo hispánico, 63–64; El Porvenir (25 April 1948), 5.

  58. 58.

    “Los niños y la guerra,” El Informador (31 August 1941), 9.

  59. 59.

    Henry Tosti Russell, “George Bernard Shaw se opone al castigo de unos criminales,” El Nacional (3 February 1944), 9, 11; Henry Tosti Russell, “George Bernard Shaw y su opinión de la guerra,” El Informador (3 February 1944), 1, 7; “Bernard Shaw hubiese inyectado morfina a los nazis y no colgarlos,” El Nacional (21 October 1946), 6.

  60. 60.

    Nemesio García Naranjo, “Panorámicas,” El Porvenir (16 March 1944), 3, 5; Nemesio García Naranjo, “Panorámicas,” El Porvenir (17 December 1945), 4; Nemesio García Naranjo, “Panorámicas,” El Porvenir (2 September 1946), 4.

  61. 61.

    Bernard Shaw, “La crisis de Rusia,” El Informador (31 December 1945), 3.

  62. 62.

    “Bernard Shaw no cree que Rusia sea seria amenaza,” El Porvenir (4 July 1944), 20; “Conceptos de Shaw,” El Informador (2 November 1948), 2.

  63. 63.

    Manuel Torre, “Tránsito y valor de Jorge Bernard Shaw,” El Nacional (21 May 1950), 3, 6.

  64. 64.

    José Mancisidor, “Humanidad de Bernard Shaw,” El Nacional (12 November 1950), 1, 2; Julián Martí, “Pulso y honda,” Suplemento dominical de El Nacional (12 November 1950), 2.

  65. 65.

    Calibán, “El espejo indiscreto,” El Nacional (26 March 1951), 3.

  66. 66.

    Carlos Barrera, “Teatro y pornografía,” El Porvenir (20 September 1952), 4.

  67. 67.

    Fernando Terrazas, “Ángulos,” El Informador (29 March 1953), 4, 6.

  68. 68.

    Manuel Izaguirre, “El centenario de Shaw,” El Porvenir (29 July 1956), 18; Esteban Salazar Chapela, “Responso por Edén,” El Nacional (25 January 1957), 3.

  69. 69.

    “Federico Flores presenta la celebrada obra de Bernard Shaw ‘Pigmalión’,” El Porvenir (13 November 1953), 12; “Desde hoy inician programa de lecturas de teatro,” El Porvenir (6 February 1958), 7.

  70. 70.

    Valeria Tessada S. “Fronteras de la Comunidad Hispánica de Naciones. El aporte de la Sección Femenina de Falange y su proyección en Latinoamérica.” ILCEA 18, Secuencia 93 (2015): 1–12; Lorenzo Delgado Gómez-Escalonilla. Diplomacia franquista y politica cultural hacia Iberoamérica, 1939–1953, Madrid: CESIC, 1988; Heliodoro Manuel Pérez Moreno. “La Sección Femenina de la España de Franco (1939–1975) y sus contradicciones entre ‘perfil de mujer’ y medios educativos,” Cadernos de História da Educação 7 (2008), 77–92.

  71. 71.

    Francisco Monterde, “Teatro. Dos experimentos,” Universidad de México (April 1957), 29.

  72. 72.

    Luis G. Basurto, “El estreno de ‘Mi Bella Dama’,” El Porvenir (21 February 1959), 12; Fedres, “Manolo y su bella dama,” El Porvenir (21 February 1959), 12.

  73. 73.

    Rosalie Rahal Haddad, Bernard Shaw in Brazil: The Reception of Theatrical Productions, 1927–2013 (Bern: Peter Lang, 2016), 37.

  74. 74.

    See a brief account of the project in Valerie Pascal, The Disciple and His Devil (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970), 191–192. For the correspondence that Shaw and Pascal exchanged on the question, see Bernard F. Dukore, ed., Selected Correspondence of Bernard Shaw: Bernard Shaw and Gabriel Pascal (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), 239 and passim.

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Fernández, Í.F. (2022). An Irishman in Mexico: Bernard Shaw in the Mexican Press (1900–1960). In: Rodríguez Martín, G.A. (eds) Bernard Shaw and the Spanish-Speaking World. Bernard Shaw and His Contemporaries. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97423-7_8

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