Abstract
The effects of magnetic fields in chemistry and electrochemistry, along with methods of magnetic separation, are covered here. First there will be a generalized introduction to relevant aspects of magnetism, magnetic susceptibilities, and magnetochemistry. Then follows a short account of the fundamentals of electrochemistry, followed by a development of the various magnetic effects. In the second part, magnetic separation in industry for both refinement and recycling is covered, with an overview of new approaches to wastewater treatment and biological matter isolation using magnetic nanoparticles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Davidson, P.A.: An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Gunther, C.G.: Electro-Magnetic Ore Separation. Hill Publishing Company, New York (1909)
Coey, J.M.D.: Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)
Burns, G.: Phys. Rev. 128(5), 2121 (1962)
Liebknecht, O., Wills, A.P.: Phys. Rev. (Series I) 10(4), 215 (1900)
March, H.W.: Phys. Rev. (Series I) 24(1), 29 (1907)
Brant, L.: Phys. Rev. 17(6), 678 (1921)
Woodbridge, D.B.: Phys. Rev. 48(8), 672 (1935)
Nettleton, H.R., Sugden, S.: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. Math. Phys. Sci. 173(954), 313 (1939)
Ikeda, T., Sueoka, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 43, 1273 (1970)
Izutsu, K.: Electrochemistry in Nonaqueous Solutions. Wiley-VCH (2002)
Kittel, C.: Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edn. Wiley, New York (1996)
Selwood, P.W.: Magneochemistry, 1st edn. Interscience Publishers, New York (1943)
Bain, G.A., Berry, J.F.: J. Chem. Educ. 85(4), 532 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ed085p532
Steiner, U.E., Ulrich, T.: Chem. Rev. 89(1), 51 (1989)
Hore, P.J., Mouritsen, H.: Annu. Rev. Biophys. 45(1), 299 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-032116-094545
Zhang, Y., Berman, G.P., Kais, S.: Int. J. Quantum Chem. 115(19), 1327 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.24943
Lambert, N., Chen, Y.N., Cheng, Y.C., Li, C.M., Chen, G.Y., Nori, F.: Nat. Phys. 9(1), 10 (2013)
Rodgers, C.T., Hore, P.J.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106(2), 353 (2009)
Messiha, H.L., Wongnate, T., Chaiyen, P., Jones, A.R., Scrutton, N.S.: J. R. Soc. Interface 12(103), 20141155 (2015)
Monti, D., Ottolina, G., Carrea, G., Riva, S.: Chem. Rev. 111(7), 4111 (2011)
Buetler, T.M.: News Physiol. Sci. 19(3), 120 (2004)
Shen, H.M., Liu, Z.G.: Free Radic. Biol. Med. 40(6), 928 (2006)
Taraban, M.B., Leshina, T.V., Anderson, M.A., Grissom, C.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119(24), 5768 (1997)
Jones, A.R., Scrutton, N.S., Woodward, J.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128(26), 8408 (2006)
Harkins, T.T., Grissom, C.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117(1), 566 (1995)
Jones, A.R., Hay, S., Woodward, J.R., Scrutton, N.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(50), 15718 (2007)
Crotty, D., Silkstone, G., Poddar, S., Ranson, R., Prina-Mello, A., Wilson, M., Coey, J.M.D.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109(18), 7126 (2012)
Hore, P.J.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109(5), 1357 (2012)
Maeda, K., Henbest, K.B., Cintolesi, F., Kuprov, I., Rodgers, C.T., Liddell, P.A., Gust, D., Timmel, C.R., Hore, P.J.: Nature 453(7193), 387 (2008)
Biskup, T., Schleicher, E., Okafuji, A., Link, G., Hitomi, K., Getzoff, E.D., Weber, S.: Angew. Chemie – Int. Ed. 48(2), 404 (2009)
Hogben, H.J., Biskup, T., Hore, P.J.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 1 (2012)
Schulten, K., Swenberg, C.E., Weller, A.: Zeitschrift für Phys. Chemie 111(1), 1 (1978)
Gross, W.: Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 38 (1885)
Hinds, G., Rhen, F.M.F., Coey, J.M.D.: IEEE Trans. Magn. 38(5), 3216 (2002)
Rhen, F.M.F., Hinds, G., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 6(4), 413 (2004)
Rhen, F.M.F., Fernandez, D., Hinds, G., Coey, J.M.D.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 153, J1 (2006)
Roberts, P.: How MHD transformed the theory of geomagnetism. In: Moreau, R. (ed.) Magnetohydrodynamics. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol. 80, pp. 3–26. Springer, Dordrecht (2007)
Yang, L.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 101, 456 (1954)
Aogaki, R., Fueki, K., Mukaibo, T.: Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 43, 509 (1975)
Aogaki, R., Fueki, K., Mukaibo, T.: Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 44, 89 (1976)
Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.: Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York/Chichester (2000)
Marcus, R.A.: J. Chem. Phys. 24, 4966 (1956)
Hush, N.S.: J. Chem. Phys. 28, 962 (1958)
Levich, V.G.: Advances in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. In: Delahay, P., Tobias, C.W. (eds.) Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 249–371. Wiley, New York (1966)
Dogonadze, R.R.: Theory of molecular electrode kinetics. In: Hush, N.H. (ed.) Reactions of Molecules at Electrodes. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1971)
Kuznetsov, A.M.: Charge Transfer in Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Gordon & Breach (2000)
Brett, C.M.A., Oliveira-Brett, A.M.: Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York/Tokyo (2000)
Monzon, L.M., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 42, 42 (2014)
Coey, J.M.D., Aogaki, R., Byrne, F., Stamenov, P.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106(22), 8811 (2009)
Aaboubi, O., Chopart, J.P., Douglade, J., Olivier, A., J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 1796 (1990)
Qian, S., Bau, H.H.: Phys. Fluids 17(6), 067105 (2005)
Aogaki, R., Morimoto, R., Asanuma, M.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322(9–12), 1664 (2010)
Gailitis, A., Lielausis, O., Platacis, E., Dement’ev, S., Cifersons, A., Gerbeth, G., Gundrum, T., Stefani, F., Christen, M., Will, G.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3024 (2001)
Fahidy, T.Z.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 13(5), 553 (1983)
Tacken, R.A., Janssen, L.J.J.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 25(1), 1 (1995)
Fahidy, T.Z.: Prog. Surf. Sci. 68(4–6), 155 (2001)
Alemany, A., Chopart, J.P., Molokov, S., Moreau, R., Moffatt, K., Alemany, A., Chopart, J.P.: An outline of magnetoelectrochemistry. In: Molokov, S., Moreau, R., Moffatt, K. (eds.) Magnetohydrodynamics. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol. 80, pp. 391–407. Springer, Dordrecht (2007)
Aogaki, R., Ito, M., Ogata, E.: Application of magnetic micro-fluid chip to chemical and electrochemical reactions. In: PAMIR International Conference on Fundamental and Applied MHD, Riga, pp. 65–72 (2005)
Monzon, L.M., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 42, 38 (2014)
Mogi, I., Kikuya, H., Watanabe, K., Awaji, S., Motokawa, M.: Chem. Lett. 25, 673 (1996)
Devos, O., Aaboubi, O., Chopart, J.P., Merienne, E., Olivier, A., Amblard, J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 145, 4135 (1998)
Coey, J.M.D., Hinds, G.: J. Alloys Compd. 326(1), 238 (2001)
Tabakovic, I., Riemer, S., Vas’ko, V., Sapozhnikov, V., Kief, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(9), C635 (2003)
Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Herrich, M., Krause, A., Cziraki, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 48(20–22), 3005 (2003)
Matsushima, H., Nohira, T., Mogi, I., Ito, Y.: Surf. Coatings Technol. 179(2–3), 245 (2004)
Msellak, K., Chopart, J.P., Jbara, O., Aaboubi, O., Amblard, J.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 281, 295 (2004)
Ní Mhíocháin, T.R., Coey, J.M.D.: Phys. Rev. E 69(6), 061404 (2004)
Bund, A., Kuehnlein, H.H.: J. Phys. Chem. B 109(42), 19845 (2005)
Krause, A., Hamann, C., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 290–291(Part 1), 261 (2005)
Motoyama, M., Fukunaka, Y., Kikuchi, S.: Electrochim. Acta 51(5), 897 (2005)
Tabakovic, I., Riemer, S., Sun, M., Vas’ko, V.A., Kief, M.T.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(12), C851 (2005)
Uhlemann, M., Krause, A., Gebert, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 577(1), 19 (2005)
Matsushima, H., Bund, A., Plieth, W., Kikuchi, S., Fukunaka, Y.: Electrochim. Acta 53(1), 161 (2007)
Koza, J.A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 53(16), 5344 (2008)
Matsushima, H., Ispas, A., Bund, A., Bozzini, B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 615(2), 191 (2008)
Fernández, D., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 11(2), 379 (2009)
Koza, J.A., Karnbach, F., Uhlemann, M., McCord, J., Mickel, C., Gebert, A., Baunack, S., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 55(3), 819 (2010)
Chiba, A., Kitamura, K., Ogawa, T.: Surf. Coat. Technol. 27, 83 (1986)
Georgescu, V., Daub, M.: Surf. Sci. 600(18), 4195 (2006)
Krause, A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Thin Solid Films 515(4), 1694 (2006)
Chouchane, S., Levesque, A., Douglade, J., Rehamnia, R., Chopart, J.P.: Surf. Coat. Technol. 201(14), 6212 (2007)
Daltin, A.L., Bohr, F.F., Chopart, J.P.: Electrochim. Acta 54(24), 5813 (2009)
Lee, C.C., Chou, T.C.: Electrochim. Acta 40, 965 (1995)
Hinds, G., Coey, J.M.D., Lyons, M.E.G.: J. Appl. Phys. 83(11), 6447 (1998)
Sugiyama, A., Morisaki, S., Aogaki, R.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 1, No. 8), 5322 (2003)
Hinds, G., Spada, F.E., Coey, J.M.D., Ní Mhíocháin, T.R., Lyons, M.E.G.: J. Phys. Chem. B 105(39), 9487 (2001)
Hinds, G., Coey, J.M.D., Lyons, M.E.G.: Electrochem. Commun. 3(5), 215 (2001)
Coey, J.M.D.: Europhys. News 34(6), 246 (2003)
Fricoteaux, P., Jonvel, B., Chopart, J.P.: J. Phys. Chem. B 107(35), 9459 (2003)
Krause, A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 49, 4127 (2004)
Legeai, S., Chatelut, M., Vittori, O., Chopart, J.P., Aaboubi, O.: Electrochim. Acta 50(1), 51 (2004)
Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Wang, M., Xie, Q., Yao, S.: Sensors Actuators B Chem. 123(1), 444 (2007)
Pané, S., Gómez, E., Vallés, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 615(2), 117 (2008)
Li, D., Levesque, A., Franczak, A., Wang, Q., He, J., Chopart, J.P.: Talanta 110, 66 (2013)
Żabiński, P.R., Franczak, A., Kowalik, R.: Arch. Metall. Mater. 57(2), 495 (2012)
Osaka, T., Homma, T., Saito, K., Takekoshi, A., Yamazaki, Y., Namikawa, T.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, 1311 (1992)
Liu, C., Tian, A., Yang, H., Xu, Q., Xue, X.: Appl. Surf. Sci. 287, 218 (2013)
Rao, V.R., Bangera, K.V., Hegde, A.C.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 345, 48 (2013)
Żabiński, P., Mech, K., Kowalik, R.: Electrochim. Acta 104, 542 (2013)
Xu, Q., Liu, Y., Liu, C., Tian, A., Shi, X., Dong, C., Zhou, Y., Zhou, H.: RSC Adv. 5(19), 14458 (2015)
Koza, J.A., Uhlemann, M., Mickel, C., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321(14), 2265 (2009)
Olivas, P., Alemany, A., Bark, F.H.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 34(1), 19 (2004)
Kabbani, H., Wang, A., Luo, X., Qian, S.: Phys. Fluids 19(8), 083604 (2007)
Weier, T., Cierpka, C., Hüller, J., Gerbeth, G.: Magnetohydrodynamics 42, 379 (2006)
Weier, T., Eckert, K., Mühlenhoff, S., Cierpka, C., Bund, A., Uhlemann, M.: Electrochem. Commun. 9(10), 2479 (2007)
Mutschke, G., Bund, A.: Electrochem. Commun. 10(4), 597 (2008)
König, J., Mühlenhoff, S., Eckert, K., Büttner, L., Odenbach, S., Czarske, J.: Electrochim. Acta 56(17), 6150 (2011)
König, J., Neumann, M., Mühlenhoff, S., Tschulik, K., Albrecht, T., Eckert, K., Uhlemann, M., Weier, T., Büttner, L., Czarske, J.: Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 220(1), 79 (2013)
Daltin, A.L., Chopart, J.P.: Cryst. Growth Des. 10(5), 2267 (2010)
Daltin, A.L., Addad, A., Baudart, P., Chopart, J.P.: Cryst. Eng. Commun. 13(10), 3373 (2011)
Koza, J.A., Mogi, I., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Mickel, C., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 55(22), 6533 (2010)
Koza, J.A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 53(27), 7972 (2008)
Mühlenhoff, S., Mutschke, G., Koschichow, D., Yang, X., Bund, A., Fröhlich, J., Odenbach, S., Eckert, K.: Electrochim. Acta 69, 209 (2012)
Krause, A., Koza, J., Ispas, A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Bund, A.: Electrochim. Acta 52(22), 6338 (2007)
Kozuka, T., Sakurai, S., Kawahara, M.: Effect of magnetic field on surface morphology in electrodeposition process. In: Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Dresden, pp. 431–434 (2009)
Asanuma, M., Yamada, A., Aogaki, R.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44(7A), 5137 (2005)
Aogaki, R., Miura, M., Oshikiri, Y.: ECS Trans. 16(25), 181 (2009)
Mogi, I., Morimoto, R., Aogaki, R., Watanabe, K.: Sci. Rep. 3, 2574 (2013)
Mogi, I., Aogaki, R., Morimoto, R., Watanabe, K.: ECS Trans. 45(12), 1 (2013)
Fernández, D., Diao, Z., Dunne, P., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochim. Acta 55(28), 8664 (2010)
Koza, J.A., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 617(2), 194 (2008)
Koza, J.A., Mühlenhoff, S., Uhlemann, M., Eckert, K., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochem. Commun. 11(2), 425 (2009)
Koza, J.A., Mühlenhoff, S., Żabiński, P., Nikrityuk, P., Eckert, K., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Weier, T., Schultz, L., Odenbach, S.: Electrochim. Acta 56(6), 2665 (2011)
Fernández, D., Martine, M.L., Meagher, A., Möbius, M.E., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 18, 28 (2012)
Diao, Z., Dunne, P.A., Zangari, G., Coey, J.M.D.: Electrochem. Commun. 11(4), 740 (2009)
Lin, M.Y., Hourng, L.W., Kuo, C.W.: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1311 (2012)
Weier, T., Landgraf, S.: Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 220(1), 313 (2013)
Matsushima, H., Iida, T., Fukunaka, Y.: Electrochim. Acta 100, 261 (2013)
Fernández, D., Maurer, P., Martine, M.L., Coey, J.M.D., Möbius, M.E.: Langmuir 30(43), 13065 (2014)
Liu, W., Cai, W., Liu, C., Sun, S., Xing, W.: Fuel 139, 308 (2015)
Leventis, N., Gao, X.: Anal. Chem. 73(16), 3981 (2001)
Kishioka, S.Y., Yamada, A., Aogaki, R.: Electroanalysis 13(14), 1161 (2001)
Lee, J., Ragsdale, S.R., Gao, X., White, H.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 422(1–2), 169 (1997)
Dunne, P., Coey, J.M.D.: 123(39), 24181 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07534
Waskaas, M.: J. Phys. Chem. 97, 6470 (1993)
Waskaas, M.: Acta Chem. Scan. 50(6), 516 (1996)
Waskaas, M., Kharkats, Y.I.: J. Phys. Chem. B 103(23), 4876 (1999)
Perov, N.S., Sheverdyaeva, P.M., Inoue, M.: J. Appl. Phys. 91(10), 8557 (2002)
Perov, N.S., Sheverdyaeva, P.M., Inoue, M.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 272–276(Part 3), 2448 (2004)
Rhen, F.M.F., Coey, J.M.D.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110(12), 6274 (2006)
Rhen, F.M.F., Coey, J.M.D.: J. Phys. Chem. C 111(8), 3412 (2007)
Lu, Z.: ECS Trans. 59(1), 429 (2014)
Shinohara, K., Aogaki, R.: Electrochemistry 67, 126 (1999)
Shinohara, K., Hashimoto, K., Aogaki, R.: Chem. Lett. 31, 778 (2002)
Asanuma, M., Yamada, A., Aogaki, R.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(9A), 6303 (2004)
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 55(18), 5200 (2010)
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Schultz, L., Gebert, A.: Corros. Sci. 53(10), 3222 (2011)
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Schultz, L., Gebert, A.: Electrochim. Acta 56(17), 5866 (2011)
Monzon, L.M.A., Rode, K., Venkatesan, M., Coey, J.M.D.: Chem. Mater. 24(20), 3878 (2012)
Liu, M.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(12), 2762 (2000)
Landau, L.D., Pitaevskii, L.P., Lifshitz, E.M.: Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, 2nd edn. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2004)
Coey, J.M.D., Rode, K.: Dilute magnetic oxides and nitrides. In: Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials. Wiley, Chichester (2007)
O’Brien, R.N., Santhanam, K.S.V.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 27, 573 (1997)
Yang, Y., Grant, K.M., White, H.S., Chen, S.: Langmuir 19(22), 9446 (2003)
Rabah, K.L., Chopart, J.P., Schloerb, H., Saulnier, S., Aaboubi, O., Uhlemann, M., Elmi, D., Amblard, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 571(1), 85 (2004)
Bund, A., Ispas, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 575(2), 221 (2005)
Sugiyama, A., Hashiride, M., Morimoto, R., Nagai, Y., Aogaki, R.: Electrochim. Acta 49(28), 5115 (2004)
Coey, J.M.D., Rhen, F.M.F., Dunne, P., McMurry, S.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 11(6), 711 (2007)
Mutschke, G., Cierpka, C., Weier, T., Eckert, K., Mühlenhoff, S., Bund, A.: On three-dimensional magnetic field effects during metal deposition in cuboid cells. In: ECS Transactions, vol. 13, pp. 9–13. ECS (2008)
Mühlenhoff, S., Mutschke, G., Uhlemann, M., Yang, X., Odenbach, S., Fröhlich, J., Eckert, K.: Electrochem. Commun. 36, 80 (2013)
Yang, X., Mühlenhoff, S., Nikrityuk, P.A., Eckert, K.: Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 220(1), 303 (2013)
Rosensweig, R.: Nature 210(5036), 613 (1966)
Zimmels, Y., Tuval, Y., Lin, I.: IEE Trans. Magn. 13(4), 1045 (1977)
Dunne, P.A., Hilton, J., Coey, J.M.D.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 316(2), 273 (2007)
Catherall, A.T., López-Alcaraz, P., Benedict, K.A., King, P.J., Eaves, L.: New J. Phys. 7(1), 118 (2005)
Beaugnon, E., Tournier, R.: Nature 349(7), 470 (1991)
Simon, A.G.M., Boamfa, M., Heflinge, L.: Nature 400(6742), 323 (1999)
Beaugnon, E., Fabregue, D., Billy, D., Nappa, J., Tournier, R.: Phys. B 294–295, 715 (2001)
Motokawa, M., Hamai, M., Sato, T., Mogi, I., Awaji, S., Watanabe, K., Kitamura, N., Makihara, M.: Phys. B 294, 729 (2001)
Motokawa, M., Hamai, M., Sato, T., Mog, I., Awaj, S., Watanabe, K., Kitamura, N., Makihara, M.: J. Mag. Mat. Mat. 226–230, 2090 (2001)
Chun, Y.D., Lee, J.: Phys. C 372–376, 1491 (2002)
Hirota, N., Ikezoe, Y., Uetake, H., Kaihatsu, T., Takayama, T., Kitazawa, K.: RIKEN Rev. 44, 159 (2002)
Mutschke, G., Tschulik, K., Weier, T., Uhlemann, M., Bund, A., Fröhlich, J.: Electrochim. Acta 55(28), 9060 (2010)
Dunne, P., Mazza, L., Coey, J.M.D.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 107(2), 024501 (2011)
Ragsdale, S.R., Grant, K.M., White, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 13461 (1998)
Grant, K.M., Hemmert, J.W., White, H.S.: Electrochem. Commun. 1(8), 319 (1999)
Pullins, M.D., Grant, K.M., White, H.S.: J. Phys. Chem. B 105(37), 8989 (2001)
Grant, K.M., Hemmert, J.W., White, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(3), 462 (2002)
Mehta, D., White, H.S.: Chem. Eur. J. Chem. Phys. 4(2), 212 (2003)
Aogaki, R., Ito, E., Ogata, M.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 11(6), 757 (2007)
Deng, T., Prentiss, M., Whitesides, G.M.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(3), 461 (2002)
Inglis, D.W., Riehn, R., Sturm, J.C., Austin, R.H.: J. Appl. Phys. 99(8), 08K101 (2006)
Bau, H.H., Zhu, J., Qian, S., Xiang, Y.: Sensors Actuators B Chem. 88(2), 205 (2003)
Martins, A.A., Pinheiro, M.J.: Phys. Fluids 21(9), 097103 (2009)
Qian, S., Bau, H.H.: Mech. Res. Commun. 36(1), 10 (2009)
Anderson, E.C., Weston, M.C., Fritsch, I.: Anal. Chem. 82(7), 2643 (2010)
Weston, M.C., Gerner, M.D., Fritsch, I.: Anal. Chem. 82(9), 3411 (2010)
Weston, M.C., Nash, C.K., Fritsch, I.: Anal. Chem. 82(17), 7068 (2010)
Fritsch, V.S.I.: Microfluid. Nanofluidics 18, 159 (2015)
Sahore, V., Fritsch, I.: Microfluid. Nanofluidics 18(2), 159 (2014)
Gorobets, O.Y., Gorobets, V.Y., Derecha, D.O., Brukva, O.M.: J. Phys. Chem. C 112(9), 3373 (2008)
Tschulik, K., Sueptitz, R., Koza, J., Uhlemann, M., Mutschke, G., Weier, T., Gebert, A., Schultz, L.: Electrochim. Acta 56(1), 297 (2010)
Tschulik, K., Yang, X., Mutschke, G., Uhlemann, M., Eckert, K., Sueptitz, R., Schultz, L., Gebert, A.: Electrochem. Commun. 13(9), 946 (2011)
Dunne, P., Coey, J.M.D.: Phys. Rev. B 85(22), 224411 (2012)
Tschulik, K., Sueptitz, R., Uhlemann, M., Schultz, L., Gebert, A.: Electrochim. Acta 56(14), 5174 (2011)
Dunne, P., Coey, J.M.D.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(22), 229402 (2012)
Mutschke, G., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Bund, A., Fröhlich, J.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(22), 229401 (2012)
Fujiwara, M., Chie, K., Sawai, J., Shimizu, D., Tanimoto, Y.: J. Phys. Chem. B 108(11), 3531 (2004)
Uhlemann, M., Tschulik, K., Gebert, A., Mutschke, G., Fröhlich, J., Bund, A., Yang, X., Eckert, K.: Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 220(1), 287 (2013)
Yang, X., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Odenbach, S., Eckert, K.: IEEE Trans. Magn. 50(11), 1 (2014)
Pulko, B., Yang, X., Lei, Z., Odenbach, S., Eckert, K.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 105(23), 232407 (2014)
Eliassen, R., Skrinde, R.T., Davis, W.B., Eliassen, R., Skrinde, R.T., Davis, W.B.: J. Am. Water Work. Assoc. 50, 1371 (1958)
Kronenberg, K.: Magn. IEEE Trans. 21(5), 2059 (1985)
Cai, R., Yang, H., He, J., Zhu, W.: J. Mol. Struct. 938(1–3), 15 (2009)
Amiri, M.C., Dadkhah, A.A.: Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 278(1–3), 252 (2006)
Toledo, E.J., Ramalho, T.C., Magriotis, Z.M.: J. Mol. Struct. 888(1–3), 409 (2008)
Lee, S.K.S.H., Jeon, S.I., Kim, Y.S., Lee, S.K.S.H.: J. Mol. Liq. 187, 230 (2013)
Pang, X.F., Deng, B.: Phys. B Condens. Matter 403(19–20), 3571 (2008)
Hołysz, L., Chibowski, M., Chibowski, E.: Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 208(1–3), 231 (2002)
Silva, I.B., Queiroz Neto, J.C., Petri, D.F.: Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 465, 175 (2015)
Higashitani, K., Oshitani, J.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 204(2), 363 (1998)
Coey, J.M.D., Cass, S.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 209(1–3), 71 (2000)
Szcześ, A., Chibowski, E., Hołysz, L., Rafalski, P.: J. Phys. Chem. A 115(21), 5449 (2011)
Barrett, R.A., Parsons, S.A.: Water Res. 32(3), 609 (1998)
Powell, M.J.: Skept. Inq. 22(1), 27 (1998)
Demichelis, R., Raiteri, P., Gale, J.D., Quigley, D., Gebauer, D.: Nature Commun. 2, 590 (2011)
Gebauer, D., Völkel, A., Cölfen, H.: Science 322(5909), 1819 (2008)
Coey, J.M.D.: Philos. Mag. 92(31), 3857 (2012)
Zhou, K.X., Lu, G.W., Zhou, Q.C., Song, J.H., Jiang, S.T., Xia, H.R.: J. Appl. Phys. 88(2000), 1802 (2000)
Chang, K.T., Weng, C.I.: J. Appl. Phys. 100, 043917 (2006)
Svoboda, J., Fujita, T.: Miner. Eng. 16(9), 785 (2003)
Khashan, S.A., Furlani, E.P.: Microfluid. Nanofluidics 12(1–4), 565 (2012)
Friedman, G., Yellen, B.: Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 10(3–4), 158 (2005)
Faraudo, J., Andreu, J.S., Camacho, J.: Soft Matter 9(29), 6654 (2013)
De Latour, C.: IEEE Trans. Magn. 9(3), 314 (1973)
Oberteuffer, J.: IEEE Trans. Magn. 10(2), 223 (1974)
Parker, M.: Phys. Technol. 12(6), 263 (1981)
Oldfield, F., Hunt, A., Jones, M.D.H., Chester, R., Dearing, J.A., Olsson, L., Prospero, J.M.: Nature 317(6037), 516 (1985)
Gómez-Pastora, J., Bringas, E., Ortiz, I.: Chem. Eng. J. 256, 187 (2014)
Melville, D., PAUL, F., Roath, S.: Nature 255(5511), 706 (1975)
Yiacoumi, S., Rountree, D.A., Tsouris, C.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 184(2), 477 (1996)
Molday, R.S., Yen, S.P.S., Rembaum, A.: Nature 268(5619), 437 (1977)
Yavuz, C.T., Prakash, A., Mayo, J., Colvin, V.L.: Chem. Eng. Sci. 64(10), 2510 (2009)
Zhang, Q., Gui, K.: J. Hazard. Mater. 168(2–3), 1341 (2009)
Luo, Z., Zhao, Y., Chen, Q., Tao, X., Fan, M.: Fuel Process. Technol. 85(2–3), 173 (2004)
Zhang, B., Zhao, Y., Duan, C., Tang, L., Dong, L., Qu, J.: Adv. Powder Technol. 25(3), 1031 (2014)
China NBS: Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2013 National Economic and Social Development. Technical report, National Bureau of Statistics of China, Beijing (2014)
IEA: Key World Energy Statistics 2014. OECD Publishing, Paris (2014)
Oliveira, C.R.D., Bernardes, A.M., Gerbase, A.E., de Oliveira, C.R., Bernardes, A.M., Gerbase, A.E.: Waste Manag. 32(8), 1592 (2012)
Veit, H.M., Diehl, T.R., Salami, A.P., Rodrigues, J.S., Bernardes, A.M., Tenório, J.A.S.: Waste Manag. 25, 67 (2005)
Cui, J., Forssberg, E.: J. Hazard. Mater. 99(3), 243 (2003)
Fregeau, E.-W., Pignolet-Brandom, I., Iwasaki, S.: Liberation analysis of slow-cooled steelmaking slags: implications for phosphorus removal. In: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Processing of Materology and Properties, pp. 153–156 (1993)
Das, B., Mohanty, J.K., Reddy, P.S.R., Ansari, M.I.: Scand. J. Metall. 26(4), 153 (1997)
Schmelzer, G.: Proc. XIX Int. Miner. Process. Congr. 4, 137 (1995)
Rossi, L.M., Garcia, M.A.S., Vono, L.L.R.: J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 23(11), 1959 (2012)
Oberteuffer, J.A., Wechsler, I., Marston, P.G., McNallan, M.J.: IEE Trans. Magn. 11(5), 1591 (1975)
Andreu, J.S., Camacho, J., Faraudo, J., Benelmekki, M., Rebollo, C., Martínez, L.M.: Phys. Rev. E 84(2), 021402 (2011)
Moeser, G.D., Roach, K.A., Green, W.H., Alan Hatton, T., Laibinis, P.E.: AIChE J. 50(11), 2835 (2004)
Mariani, G., Fabbri, M., Negrini, F., Ribani, P.L.: Sep. Purif. Technol. 72(2), 147 (2010)
Kakihara, Y., Fukunishi, T., Takeda, S., Nishijima, S., Nakahira, A.: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 14(2), 1565 (2004)
Mishima, F., Takeda, S., Fukushima, M., Nishijima, S.: Phys. C Supercond. 463–465, 1302 (2007)
Mayo, J., Yavuz, C., Yean, S., Cong, L., Shipley, H., Yu, W., Falkner, J., Kan, A., Tomson, M., Colvin, V.: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 8(1–2), 71 (2007)
Yavuz, C.T., Mayo, J.T., Yu, W.W., Prakash, A., Falkner, J.C., Yean, S., Cong, L., Shipley, H.J., Kan, A., Tomson, M., Natelson, D., Colvin, V.L.: Science (80-). 314, 964 (2006)
Nassar, N.N.: Sep. Sci. Technol. 45(8), 1092 (2010)
Tan, Y., Chen, M., Hao, Y.: Chem. Eng. J. 191, 104 (2012)
Jain, T.K., Reddy, M.K., Morales, M.A., Leslie-Pelecky, D.L., Labhasetwar, V.: Mol. Pharm. 5(2), 316 (2008)
Kyzas, G.Z., Deliyanni, E.A.: Molecules 18(6), 6193 (2013)
Hao, Y.M., Man, C., Hu, Z.B.: J. Hazard. Mater. 184(1–3), 392 (2010)
Ahmed, M., Ali, S.M., El-Dek, S.I., Galal, A.: Mater. Sci. Eng. B 178(10), 744 (2013)
Bringas, E., San Román, M.F., Ortiz, I.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45(12), 4295 (2006)
Badruddoza, A.Z.M., Shawon, Z.B.Z., Tay, W.J.D., Hidajat, K., Uddin, M.S.: Carbohydr. Polym. 91(1), 322 (2013)
Tang, S.C.N., Yan, D.Y.S., Lo, I.M.C.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53(40), 15718 (2014)
Singh, S., Barick, K.C., Bahadur, D.: J. Hazard. Mater. 192(3), 1539 (2011)
Liu, R., Shen, X., Yang, X., Wang, Q., Yang, F.: J. Nanoparticle Res. 15(6), 1679 (2013)
Ge, F., Ye, H., Li, M.M., Zhao, B.X.: Chem. Eng. J. 198–199, 11 (2012)
Debrassi, A., Correa, A.F., Baccarin, T., Nedelko, N., Slawska-Waniewska, A., Sobczak, K., Dluzewski, P., Greneche, J.M., Rodrigues, C.A.: Chem. Eng. J. 183, 284 (2012)
Anglada, A., Rivero, M.J., Ortíz, I., Urtiaga, A.: J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 83(10), 1339 (2008)
Afkhami, A., Moosavi, R.: J. Hazard. Mater. 174(1–3), 398 (2010)
Iram, M., Guo, C., Guan, Y., Ishfaq, A., Liu, H.: J. Hazard. Mater. 181(1–3), 1039 (2010)
Mueller, N.C., Braun, J., Bruns, J., Černík, M., Rissing, P., Rickerby, D., Nowack, B.: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 19(2), 550 (2012)
Chowdhury, S.R., Yanful, E.K.: J. Environ. Manage. 91(11), 2238 (2010)
Becker, J.S., Thomas, O.R.T., Franzreb, M.: Sep. Purif. Technol. 65(1), 46 (2009)
Xie, X., Nie, X., Yu, B., Zhang, X.: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311(1), 416 (2007)
Safarik, I., Ptackova, L., Safarikova, M.: Eur. Cells Mater. 3(2), 52 (2002)
Berry, C.C., Curtis, A.S.G.: J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 36(13), R198 (2003)
Corchero, J.L., Villaverde, A.: Trends Biotechnol. 27(8), 468 (2009)
Lim, J.K., Chieh, D.C.J., Jalak, S.A., Toh, P.Y., Yasin, N.H.M., Ng, B.W., Ahmad, A.L.: Small 8(11), 1683 (2012)
He, J., Huang, M., Wang, D., Zhang, Z., Li, G.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 101, 84 (2014)
Rosensweig, R.E.: Science (80-.). 204(4388), 57 (1979)
Zong, B., Meng, X., Mu, X., Zhang, X.: Chinese J. Catal. 34(1), 61 (2013)
Bahar, T., Çelebi, S.S.: Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26(1), 28 (2000)
Lin, P.Y., Peng, J., Hou, B.H., Fu, Y.L.: J. Phys. Chem. 97(8), 1471 (1993)
Yermakov, A., Feduschak, T., Uimin, M., Mysik, A., Gaviko, V., Chupakhin, O., Shishmakov, A., Kharchuk, V., Petrov, L., Kotov, Y., Vosmerikov, A., Korolyov, A.: Solid State Ionics 172(1–4), 317 (2004)
Sá, J., Szlachetko, J., Sikora, M., Kavčič, M., Safonova, O.V., Nachtegaal, M.: Nanoscale 5(18), 8462 (2013)
Meng, X., Mu, X., Zong, B., Min, E., Zhu, Z., Fu, S., Luo, Y.: Catal. Today 79–80, 21 (2003)
Hao, Z., Zhu, Q., Jiang, Z., Li, H.: Powder Technol. 183(1), 46 (2008)
Zhou, G.X., Chen, G.Y., Yan, B.B.: Biotechnol. Lett. 36(1), 63 (2014)
Liu, C.Z., Wang, F., Ou-Yang, F.: Bioresour. Technol. 100(2), 878 (2009)
Zong, B.: Catal. Surv. Asia 11(1–2), 87 (2007)
Dong, M., Pan, Z., Peng, Y., Meng, X., Mu, X., Zong, B., Zhang, J.: AIChE J. 54(5), 1358 (2008)
Graham, L.J., Atwater, J.E., Jovanovic, G.N.: AIChE J. 52(3), 1083 (2006)
Peng, Y., Dong, M., Meng, X., Zong, B., Zhang, J.: AIChE J. 55(3), 717 (2009)
Pan, Z., Dong, M., Meng, X., Zhang, X., Mu, X., Zong, B.: Chem. Eng. Sci. 62(10), 2712 (2007)
Li, J., Zhou, L., Zhu, Q., Li, H.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52(20), 6647 (2013)
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank J.M.D. Coey for helpful comments and critiques of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Dunne, P. (2021). Magnetochemistry and Magnetic Separation. In: Coey, M., Parkin, S. (eds) Handbook of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63101-7_35-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63101-7_35-1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-63101-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-63101-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics