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Systemic Viral Infections and the Eye

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Ocular manifestations of systemic viral infections are common. Because viral infection syndromes may be nonspecific, diagnosis of a particular viral infection often requires understanding of the risk factors and transmission modes of viral pathogens. Careful review of both history of the disease and the ocular exam findings can be helpful in narrowing down the differential diagnosis for the systemic condition and vice versa. A history of exposures, including animal exposures, sexual exposures, and travel, as well as the vaccination history and general medical history helps guide the workup and treatment of viral infections. Diagnostic testing for viral infections may include blood testing for serologic studies and viral detection, samples from involved extraocular organs, as well as ocular samples that can confirm a diagnosis and facilitate initiation of optimal therapy while minimizing side effects from exposure to unnecessary antiviral agents. Importantly, patients with HIV or other immunocompromising conditions may simultaneously have more than one active infection and also may manifest with syndromes that are atypical and have serologic testing that is less accurate. Careful and aggressive diagnostic evaluation of ocular symptoms is especially important in these patients, as are efforts to improve immune function while monitoring for the possible impact of immune reconstitution on the clinical course.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    M. B. Barshak

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA

    M. B. Barshak

  3. Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI), Waltham, MA, USA

    Stephen D. Anesi

  4. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    M. B. Barshak

Authors
  1. M. B. Barshak
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  2. Stephen D. Anesi
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Correspondence to M. B. Barshak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel M. Albert

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan W. Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri T. Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Eye Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jeffrey M. Sundstrom

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    David A. Quillen

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Barshak, M.B., Anesi, S.D. (2022). Systemic Viral Infections and the Eye. In: Albert, D.M., Miller, J.W., Azar, D.T., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_311

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