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Current Trends and Perspectives in Microbial Bioconversions of Steroids

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Microbial Steroids

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2704))

Abstract

The microbiological transformation of sterols is currently the technological basis for the industrial production of valuable steroid precursors, the so-called synthons, from which a wide range of steroid and indane isoprenoids are obtained by combined chemical and enzymatic routes. These compounds include value-added corticoids, neurosteroids, sex hormones, bile acids, and other terpenoid lipids required by the medicine, pharmaceutical, food, veterinary, and agricultural industries.

Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of microbial degradation of steroids, and the development and implementation of genetic technologies, opened a new era in steroid biotechnology. Metabolic engineering of microbial producers makes it possible not only to improve the biocatalytic properties of industrial strains by enhancing their target activity and/or suppressing undesirable activities in order to avoid the formation of by-products or degradation of the steroid core, but also to redirect metabolic fluxes in cells towards accumulation of new metabolites that may be useful for practical applications. Along with whole-cell catalysis, the interest of researchers is growing in enzymatic methods that make it possible to carry out selective structural modifications of steroids, such as the introduction of double bonds, the oxidation of steroidal alcohols, or the reduction of steroid carbonyl groups. A promising area of research is strain engineering based on the heterologous expression of foreign steroidogenesis systems (bacterial, fungal, or mammalian) that ensure selective formation of demanded hydroxylated steroids.

Here, current trends and progress in microbial steroid biotechnology over the past few years are briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the application of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques to improve existing and create new whole-cell microbial biocatalysts.

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Acknowledgments

The Russian Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged for the support (grant no. 21-64-00024). The author is grateful to D. Dovbnya, A. Shutov, and A. Byakov for their assistance in preparing the manuscript and the figures.

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  1. G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia

    Marina V. Donova

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  1. Marina V. Donova
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Correspondence to Marina V. Donova .

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  1. Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain

    Carlos Barreiro

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Curia Spain, León, Spain

    José-Luis Barredo

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Donova, M.V. (2023). Current Trends and Perspectives in Microbial Bioconversions of Steroids. In: Barreiro, C., Barredo, JL. (eds) Microbial Steroids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2704. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_1

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