Abstract
Ecuador’s Santa Elena peninsula has evidence of occupation by hunter-gatherers dating back to 9000 BC, with signs that the Las Vegas culture grew crops from around 6000 BC—the earliest agriculture known in the Americas. The Valdivia culture, famed for its ceramics, developed in the same coastal area from around 3000 BC. The people navigated the Pacific coast using rafts with sails and traded with groups such as the Chorrera and the Mayo Chinchipe in the foothills of the Andes mountains. The Cotocallao culture arose in the valley that is now dominated by the capital, Quito.
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Further Reading
Roos, W. and van Renterghem, O., Ecuador in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics and Culture. 1997
Sawyer, Suzana, Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliberalism in Ecuador. 2004
Selverston-Scher, M., Ethnopolitics in Ecuador: Indigenous Rights and the Strengthening of Democracy. 2001
National Statistical Office: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC), Juan Larrea N15-36 y José Riofrío, Quito.
Website (Spanish only): http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec
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(2022). Ecuador. In: The Statesman’s Yearbook 2023. The Statesman's Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96056-9_61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96056-9_61
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