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Quantum Redefinition of Mass

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Handbook of Metrology and Applications

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Abstract

This chapter deals with mass measurement and metrological activities from prehistoric civilizations until the present. The importance of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) and its limitations that created the need to redefine the kilogram in terms of the fundamental constant has been discussed. The redefinition of the kilogram in terms of Planck constant h is a result of the consequent efforts of the metrology community. Some of the significant events that took place in this process are highlighted in the chapter. An in-depth discussion is offered on the four-phase CCM dissemination method. Also, the traceability of mass dissemination in India before and after redefinition has been discussed. One of the benefits of the new kilogram definition is that it allows each country to establish its realization capability. The basic principle of different realization techniques adopted by different NMIs to define the kilogram, which includes the Kibble balance, Joule balance, and XRCD method, is also provided. The role of two quantum effects, viz., quantum hall effect and Josephson effect, in defining kilogram using Kibbe balance is explained. Finally, a brief discussion on the present status of different NMI across the globe working on the different primary realization techniques is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Bushra Ehtesham, Thomas John, H. K. Singh & Nidhi Singh

  2. Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

    Bushra Ehtesham, H. K. Singh & Nidhi Singh

Authors
  1. Bushra Ehtesham
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  2. Thomas John
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  3. H. K. Singh
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  4. Nidhi Singh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nidhi Singh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Dinesh K. Aswal

  2. Physico-Mechanical Metrology, CSIR - National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Yadav

  3. National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industria, Ibaraki, Japan

    Toshiyuki Takatsuji

  4. National Institute of Standards and Tech, GAITHERSBURG, MD, USA

    Prem Rachakonda

  5. Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

    Harish Kumar

Section Editor information

  1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Afaqul Zafer M.Tech

  2. Jamia Millia Islamia/CSIR- NPL, New Delhi, India

    Shanay Rab M.Tech

  3. CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India

    Meher Wan PhD

  4. Physico-Mechanical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Yadav

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Ehtesham, B., John, T., Singh, H.K., Singh, N. (2022). Quantum Redefinition of Mass. In: Aswal, D.K., Yadav, S., Takatsuji, T., Rachakonda, P., Kumar, H. (eds) Handbook of Metrology and Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1550-5_12-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1550-5_12-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1550-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1550-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

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