Abstract
Abound, Amistar, Bankit, Heritag, Ortiva, Priori, Quadris
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Azoxystrobin
Abound, Amistar, Bankit, Heritag, Ortiva, Priori, Quadris
Systemic fungicide for control of foliar and soil borne diseases.
Bacillus subtilis
Serenade, Subtilex, Taego, Companion, Kodiak
Used as a seed treatment to suppress Rhizoctonia and Fusarium diseases.
Benalaxyl
Galben, Tairel
Systemic fungicide.
Bitertanol
Bacseal, Baycor, Baycoral, Baymat, Zaron
Fungicide.
Bordeaux Mixture
Comac
Bordeaux mixture is made in varying concentrations. The most usual formula is 8-8-100 (often stated as 4-4-50), which means 8 pounds copper sulfate, 8 pounds hydrated lime to 100 gallons of water. Stock solutions are made up for each chemical (1 pound per gallon of water), the lime solution placed first in the sprayer, diluted to nearly the full amount, and the copper sulfate solution added. Or, for power sprayers, finely divided copper sulfate can be washed through the strainer into the spray tank, and when the tank is two-thirds full the weighed amount of hydrated lime can also be washed through the strainer while the agitator is running. Casein or other spreader is added toward the end. Phytotoxicity comes from both the lime and the copper. Plants are often stunted, with yield reduced; fruit-setting of tomatoes may be delayed. Bordeaux is not safe on peaches during the growing season, may burn and russet applies (both foliage and fruits), may cause red spotting, yellowing, and dropping of rose leaves (often confused with blackspot by amateur and sometimes professional gardeners), and may cause defoliation of Japanese plums. Injury is most prominent early in the season when temperature is below 50 °F and in dull, cloudy weather when light rain or high humidity prevents rapid drying of the spray. Late summer use of bordeaux is credited with making some plants more susceptible to early fall frosts. For ornamentals, a 4-4-100 mixture is usually strong enough and can be made in small amounts by dissolving 2 ounces of copper sulfate in 1 gallon of water, 2 ounces of hydrated lime in 2 gallons of water, pouring the copper sulfate solution into the lime water, and straining into the spray tank through fine cheesecloth. For some plants, such as stone fruits, the proportion of lime is increased; for others, such as azaleas, a low-lime bordeaux is used. Once the two solutions have been mixed, the preparation must be used immediately. Fresh lime is essential, not some left over from a previous season. Somewhat less effective than homemade bordeaux but easier for the home gardener are the various powders and pastes available under trade names; to these add only water at the time of use.
Bupirimate
Nimrod
Systemic fungicide.
Burgundy Mix
A soda bordeaux formerly used, prepared with washing soda instead of lime.
Burkholderia cepacia
Fungicide, nematicide.
Captan
Captan 30 DD, Captan 400
Protectant, eradicant fungicide.
Carbendazim
Bavistin, Decrosol
Systemic fungicide.
Carbon Disulfide
Soil fumigant.
Carboxin
Vitavax
Fungicide, seed protectant.
Chloranil
Foliar fungicide and seed treatment.
Chloroneb
Terraneb, N-Flow D, Proturf
Fungicide.
Chloropicrin
Chloro-O-Pic
Soil fumigant.
Chlorothalonil
Bravo, Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weatherstik
Fungicide.
Copper Acetate
First developed in 1889; became the first factory made basic copper fungicide.
Copper Ammonium Carbonate
Copper-Count-N
Bactericide, Fungicide.
Copper Carbonate
Foliar fungicide, Seed treatments.
Copper Compounds
More stable than bordeaux mix, less phytotoxic, easier to use, and with less objectionable residue. Copper sprays control many blights, leaf spots, downy and powdery mildews. They are incompatible with lime sulfur, questionable with cryolite, benxene hexachloride, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, organic mercuries, and thiocarbamates. They may injure plants in cool, cloudy or moist weather. Injury to apple and rose foliage varies from reddish spots to yellowing and defoliation.
Copper Hydroxide
KOP Hydroxide
Fungicide, bactericide.
Copper Oxide
Chem Copp, Cuprocop, Cuprox, Caocobre, Copper Sandoz
Protective fungicide.
Copper Oxychloride
KOP Oxy-85, Recop, Coprantol, Cupramar, Cupravit
Protective fungicide.
Copper Sulfate
Tribasic (Flurane, Idrorame, King, Diachum)
Fungicide.
Cufraneb
Fungicide. Miticide, Seed Dressing.
Cycloheximide
Antibiotic fungicide from Streptomyces griseus, the first antibiotic introduced (1949) for control of plant disease.
Cymoxanil
Curzate
Fungicide.
Cyproconazole
Alto, Atemi, Sentinel
Systemic and eradicative fungicide.
Cyprodinil
Chieftain, Chorus, Unix, Vangard
Fungicide, seed treatment.
Dazomet
Basimid
Soil fumigant.
Dichlofluanid
Elvaron, Euparen
Fungicide.
Dicloran
Allisan, Botran, Clortran
Fungicide.
Difenoconazole
Bardos, Bogard, Dividend, Geyser, Score, Sico
Systemic fungicide.
Dimethirimol
Milcurb
Systemic fungicide.
Dimethomorph
Acrobat, Forum
Oomycete fungicide.
Diniconazole
Mitazole
Systemic fungicide.
Dithianon
Delan
Fungicide.
Dodemorph Acetate
Meltatox
Fungicide.
Edifenphos
Hinosan
Fungicide.
Epoxiconazole
Opal, Opus
Systemic fungicide.
Etridiazole
Terrazole, Koban, Truban
Soil fungicide.
Fenaminosulf
Protects germinating seeds and seedlings in corn, beans, peas, spinach, cucumbers, and ornamentals.
Fenarimol
Used for powdery mildew and rust on ornamentals, turf, and tree crops.
Fenbuconazole
Enable, Govern, Indar
Systemic fungicide.
Fenpiclonil
Beret, Electer, Gambit
Fenpropidin
Mildin, Patrol, Sorilan, Tern
Systemic fungicide.
Fenpropimorph
Corbel
Systemic fungicide.
Ferbam
Ferman Granuflo
Fungicide.
Filipin
Antibiotic. Fungicide for seed-rot fungi.
Fluazinam
Omega
Fungicide, Miticide.
Fludioxonil
Celest, Geoxe, Maxim, Medallion, Saphire, Savior, Scholar
Contact fungicide.
Flusilazole
Fungicide.
Flutolanil
Folistar, Moncut, Prostar
Systemic fungicide.
Folpet
Folpet
Protective fungicide.
Fosetyl-Aluminum
Aliette, Chipco
Systemic fungicide, bactericide.
Hexaconazole
Anvil, Planete Aster
Fungicide.
Hydrated Lime and Copper Sulfate
Bordeaux Mix
Prepared from copper sulfate and lime to form a membranous coating over plant parts, the first protective spray and still widely used. About 1878, French vineyard were threatened with downy mildew, which had been introduced from the U.S. Millardet, one of the workers assigned to the problem, noticed that where grapes near the highways to Bordeaux had been treated with a poisonous-looking mixture of copper and lime to prevent stealing, there was little or no downy mildew. A description of the preparation of bordeaux mixture was published in 1885, and it remains a most efficient fungicide. It does, however, have a most conspicuous residue and is injurious to some plants.
Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate
Chinosol
Systemic fungicide, bactericide.
Imazalil
Bromazil, Deccozil, Double R11, Flo Pro IMZ, Freshgard 700, Impala, Nu-Zone
Systemic fungicide.
Iprodione
Chipco, Kodan, Rovral, ProTurf, Fungicide X
Contact/locally systemic fungicide.
Kresoxim-Methyl
Alliage, Candit, Cygnus, Discus, Sovran, Stroby
Surface systemic fungicide; protective and curative effects.
Lime Sulfur
Polysulfides formed by boiling together sulfur and mild of lime. The standard liquid has a specific gravity of 32 Baume and the commercial product is far superior to the homemade. Lime sulfur dates back to 1851, when the head gardener, Grison, at Versailles, France, boiled together sulfur and lime for a vegetable fungicide called “Eau Grison.” In 1886, this fungicide was used in California as a dormant spray for San Jose scale and later for peach leaf curl. A self-boiled lime sulfur made without heat was produced in 1908 as a summer spray for sensitive plants, but it was later replaced by wettable sulfurs for most fruit-spray programs. A dry form of lime sulfur was marketed about 1908. Used as a dormant spray for fruits, roses, and some other plants for mildews, Volutella blight of boxwood, and other diseases. Do not use above 85 °F.
Mancozeb
AgriSolutions, Mancozeb, Penncozeb, Pennfluid, Tridex, Trimanin, Trimanoc, Trimanzone, Triziman, Triziman D, Vandozeb, Protect T/O, Mancozin, Manzin, Dithane, Fore, Manzate, Pentathlon DF, Pentathlon LF
Fungicide.
Maneb
Trimangol, Vondac, M, Manex, Manox, Man-Zox, Pentathon, Maneb Spritzpulver, Manex, Manzi
Fungicide.
Metalaxyl
Metax, Allegiance, ProTurf Soil and foliar fungicide; seed dressing fungicide.
Metalaxyl M
Quell, Apron XL, Ridomil Gold, Subdue 2X, Subdue MAXX
Fungicide.
Metam-Sodium
Metam 426, Polefume, Turfcure, Vapam, Vapam HL, Busan 1236, Trimaton, Sectagon 42, Metam CLR Soil fumigant –fungicide, insecticide, nematicide.
Metiram
Polyram
Contact fungicide.
Myclobutanil
Eagle, Nova, Rally, Systhane
Fungicide.
Nitrothal-Isopropyl
Pallitop
Fungicide.
Oxadixyl
Recoil, Ripost, Sandofan, Wakil
Systemic fungicide.
Oxycarboxin
Plantvax
Systemic fungicide.
Quintozene
Blocker, Parflo, Winflo, Defend, Terraclor, Turfcide, FF11, Penstar, RTU, PCNB
Soil fungicide; seed dressing agent.
Penconazole
Omnex, Topas
Systemic fungicide.
Pencycuron
Monceran, Trotis
Piperalin
Pipron
Fungicide.
Potassium Bicarbonate
Armicarb, GreenCure, Milstop Broad spectrum fungicide; K bicarbonate plus surfactants.
Potassium Bicarbonate
Kaligreen
Fungicide; K bicarbonate, no surfactants.
Prochloraz
Abavit, Ascurit, Oczave, Omega, Prelude, Sporgon, Sportak
Fungicide.
Propamocarb
Hydrochloride (Banol, Dynone, Filex, Prevex, Previcar, Previcur N, Win)
Fungicide.
Propiconazole
PropiMaX, Alamo, Banner, Break, Orbit, Tilt, Propizole
Systemic fungicide; seed treatment.
Propineb
Antracol, Inicol
Contact fungicide.
Pyrifenox
Corona, Dorado
Systemic fungicide.
Pyroquilon
Coratop, Fongorene
Systemic fungicide.
Pyrazophos
Afugan, Curamil
Systemic fungicide.
Quarternary Ammonium Compounds
Barquat, Hyamine
Fungicide, Bactericides, Surfactants.
Sulfur
Kumulus, CSC Dusting, CSC Thioben, CSC Thiosperse, Crisazufre, Sulfox, Suffa, Sulfa, Red Ball, Microsulf, Thiolux, Thiovit, Bensul, Golden Demo Signal, Special Electric, Comoran, Comoran Supra, Cosan, Elosal, Kolodust, Kumulus, Microsperse
Fungicide, Miticide.
Tebuconazole
Corail, Elite, Folicur, Horizon, Horizon Arbo, Horizon T, Lyux, Raxil
Systemic fungicide.
Tetraconazole
Eminent
Systemic fungicide.
Thiabendazole
Arbotect, Mertect, Storite, Storite Excel, Tectab, Tecto, APL-Luster, APL Luster T, Decco 205, Brogdex, Freshgard 598, Gustafson SP
Systemic fungicide.
Thiophanate Methyl
Domain, Fungo, Mildothane, Topsin M, 3336, Fansin-M, OHP 6672
Fungicide.
Thiophanate Methyl Plus Etridiazole
Banrot Soil fungicide.
Thiram
Tripomol, Defiant, Thiram Granuflo, Aatack, Aules, Chipco, Thiram 75, Pomarsol, Forte, Thiulin,
42-S Thiram, Rhodiasan Express, Spotrete
Fungicide, Seed protectant.
Triadimefon
Bayleton, Strike
Systemic fungicide.
Triadimenol
Bayton, Bayfidan, Cereous, Trisan, Bayton 30
Systemic fungicide.
Trichoderma Harzianum
Plant Shield, Root Shield, Top Shield
Foliar, Soil fungicide.
Tricyclazole
Blast
Systemic fungicide.
Tridemorph
Calixin
System fungicide.
Trifloxystrobin
Compass, Flint, Gem, Twist, Compass O
Fungicide.
Triflumizole
Procure, Terraguard
Systemic fungicide.
Triforine
Denarin, Funginex, Saprol
Fungicide.
Triphenyltin Hydroxide
Brestanid, Agri Tin Fungicide.
Vinclozolin
Ronilan, Curalan, Vorlan
Fungicide.
Zineb
Cuprothex, Super Mixy
Fungicide.
Ziram
Tricarbamix, Triscabol, Cuman, Pomarsol 2
Fungicide.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Horst, R.K. (2013). Fungicides. In: Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8_1
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Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2140-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2141-8
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