Abstract
During the past decades hydrogels have gained considerable interest and reviewed from different points of view, because of their unique properties. The hydrogel 3D structure, porosity, swelling behavior, stability, gel strength, as well as biodegradability, nontoxicity, and biocompatibility are properties which are widely variable and easily adjusted, making them suitable for many versatile applications, especially in the field of medicine and biotechnology. Generally, hydrogels possess the huge potential to be used as a matrix for incorporation of different types of nanoparticles. Namely, hydrogels in the swollen state provide free space between cross-linked polymer chains, in which the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles occurs. In this way, the carrier-hydrogel system acts as a nanoreactor that also immobilizes nanoparticles and provides easy handling with obtained hydrogel nanocomposites. It is well known that the properties of nanocomposite materials are dependent on the method of synthesis. Among various techniques, the radiation-induced synthesis offers a number of advantages over the conventional physical and chemical methods. Radiolytic method is a highly suitable way for formation of three-dimensional polymer network, i.e., hydrogels, as well as for generation of nanoparticles in a solution (especially metal nanoparticles). This method provides fast, easy, and clean synthesis of hydrogel nanocomposites. Moreover, and probably the most important from the biomedical point of view, is the possibility of simultaneous formation of nanocomposite hydrogel and its sterilization in one technological step. Despite all the mentioned advantages of radiolytic method, there are not so many investigations related to nanocomposite materials based on nanoparticles incorporated in a hydrogel matrix.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gachard E, Remita H, Khatouri J, Keita B, Nadjo L, Belloni J (1998) Radiation-induced and chemical formation of gold clusters. New J Chem 22:1257–1265
Jayaramudu T, Raghavendra GM, Varaprasad K, Sadiku R, Raju KM (2013) Development of novel biodegradable Au nanocomposite hydrogels based on wheat: for inactivation of bacteria. Carbohyd Polym 92:2193–2200
Krklješ A, Nedeljković JM, Kačarević-Popović ZM (2007) Fabrication of Ag-PVA hydrogel nanocomposite by γ-irradiation. Polym Bul 58:271–279
Krstić J, Spasojević J, Radosavljević A, Perić-Grujić A, Đurić M, Kačarević-Popović Z, Popović S (2014) In vitro silver ion release kinetics from nanosilver/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels synthesized by gamma irradiation. J Appl Polym Sci 131:40321
Radosavljević A, Krstić J, Spasojević J, Kačarević-Popović Z (2016) Radiolytic incorporation of gold nanoparticles into PVA hydrogel. In: Proceedings of 13th international conference of fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia, 26–30 September 2016, p 589–592
Marinović-Cincović MT, Radosavljević AN, Krstić JI, Spasojević JP, Bibić NM, Mitrić MN, ZM KP (2014) Physicochemical characteristics of gamma irradiation crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/magnetite ferrogel composite. Hem Ind 68(6):743–753
Eid M (2013) Preparation and characterization of natural polymers as stabilizer for magnetic nanoparticles by gamma irradiation. J Polym Res 20:112
Gattas-Asfura KM, Zheng Y, Micic M, Snedaker MJ, Ji X, Sui G, Orbulescu J, Andreopoulos FM, Pham SM, Wang C, Leblanc RM (2003) Immobilization of quantum dots in the photo-cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel. J Phys Chem B 107:10464–10469
Kuljanin-Jakovljević JŽ, Radosavljević AN, Spasojević JP, Carević MV, Mitrić MN, Kačarević-Popović ZM (2017) Gamma irradiation induced in situ synthesis of lead sulfide nanoparticles in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. Radiat Phys Chem 130:282–290
Mohan YM, Premkumar T, Lee K, Geckeler KE (2006) Fabrication of silver nanoparticles in hydrogel networks. Macrom Rap Commun 27:1346–1354
Mohan YM, Lee K, Premkumar T, Geckeler KE (2007) Hydrogel networks as nanoreactors: a novel approach to silver nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. Polymer 48:158–164
Thomas V, Yallapu MM, Sreedhar B, Bajpai SK (2007) A versatile strategy to fabricate hydrogel-silver nanocomposites and investigation of their antimicrobial activity. J Colloid Interf Sci 315:389–395
Murthy PSK, Mohan YM, Varaprasad K, Sreedhar B, Raju KM (2008) First successful design of semi-IPN hydrogel-silver nanocomposites: a facile approach for antibacterial application. J Colloid Interf Sci 318:217–224
Luo YL, Wei QB, Xu F, Chen YS, Fan LH, Zhang CH (2009) Assembly, characterization and swelling kinetics of Ag nanoparticles in PDMAA-g-PVA hydrogel networks. Mater Chem Phys 118:329–336
Rosiak JM (1994) Radiation formation of hydrogels for drug delivery. J Control Release 31(1):9–19
Ganji F, Vasheghani-Farahani S, Vasheghani-Farahani E (2010) Theoretical description of hydrogel swelling: a review. Iran Polym J 19(5):375–398
Peppas NA, Sahlin JJ (1996) Hydrogels as mucoadhesive and bioadhesive materials: a review. Biomaterials 17(16):1553–1561
Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF (2002) Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 54(1):13–36
Schacht EH (2004) Polymer chemistry and hydrogel systems. J Phys Conf Ser 3:22–28
Hoffman AS (2012) Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 64:18–23
Maeda S, Hara Y, Sakai T, Yoshida R, Hashimoto S (2007) Self-walking gel. Adv Mater 19:3480–3484
Techawanitchai P, Ebara M, Idota N, Asoh T-A, Kikuchi A, Aoyagi T (2012) Photo-switchable control of pH-responsive actuators via pH jump reaction. Soft Matter 8:2844–2851
Beebe DJ, Moore JS, Bauer JM, Yu Q, Liu RH, Devadoss C, Jo B-H (2000) Functional hydrogel structures for autonomous flow control inside microfluidic channels. Nature 404:588–590
Idota N, Kikuchi A, Kobayashi J, Sakai K, Okano T (2005) Microfluidic valves comprising nanolayered thermoresponsive polymer-grafted capillaries. Adv Mater 17:2723–2727
Hoffman AS (1987) Applications of thermally reversible polymers and hydrogels in therapeutics and diagnostics. J Control Release 6:297–305
Kim Y-J, Ebara M, Aoyagi T (2012) A smart nanofiber web that captures and releases cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 51:10537–10541
Matsumoto A, Ishii T, Nishida J, Matsumoto H, Kataoka K, Miyahara Y (2012) A synthetic approach toward a self-regulated insulin delivery system. Angew Chem Int Edit 51:2124–2128
Miyata T, Uragami T, Nakamae K (2002) Biomolecule-sensitive hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 54:79–98
Feil H, Bae YH, Feijen J, Kim SW (1991) Molecular separation by thermosensitive hydrogel membranes. J Membr Sci 64:283–294
Chmielewski AG, Haji-Saeid M (2004) Radiation technologies: past, present and future. Radiat Phys Chem 71:16–20
Wichterle O, Lim D (1960) Hydrophilic gels for biological use. Nature 185:117–118
Rosiak JM, Uanski P, Pajewski LA, Yoshii F, Makuuchi K (1995) Radiation formation of hydrogels for biomedical purposes. Some remarks and comments. Radiat Phys Chem 46(2):161–168
Kabanov VY (1998) Preparation of polymeric biomaterials with the aid of radiation-chemical methods. Russ Chem Rev 67(9):783–816
Coqueret X (2008) Obtaining high performance polymeric materials by irradiation. In: Spotheim-Maurizot M, Mostafavi M, Douki T, Belloni J (eds) Radiation chemistry: from basics to applications in material and life sciences. EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, pp 131–150
Chapiro A (1964) Radiation chemistry of polymers. Radiat Res Suppl 4:179–191
Caykara T (2004) Effect of maleic acid content on network structure and swelling properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-maleic acid) polyelectrolyte hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 92:763–769
Charlesby A (1960) Atomic radiation and polymers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 467–491
Rosiak JM, Uanski P (1999) Synthesis of hydrogels by irradiation of polymers in aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem 55:139–151
Draganić IG, Draganić ZD (1971) The radiation chemistry of water. Academic Press, New York/London, pp 47–170
Wang B, Mukataka S, Kokofuta E, Kodama M (2000) The influence of polymer concentration on the radiation-chemical yield of intermolecular crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol) by γ-rays in deoxygenated aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem 59:91–95
von Sonntag C (2006) Free-radical-induced DNA damage and its repair: a chemical perspective. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 197–210
Kadlubowski S, Grobelny J, Olejniczak W, Cichomski M, Ulanski P (2003) Pulses of fast electrons as a tool to synthesize poly(acrylic acid) nanogels. Intramolecular cross-linking of linear polymer chains in additive-free aqueous solution. Macromolecules 36:2484–2492
Rosiak JM, Olejniczak J, Pekala W (1990) Fast reaction of irradiated polymers - I. Crosslinking and degradation of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Radiat Phys Chem 36:747–755
Rosiak JM, Olejniczak J (1993) Medical applications of radiation formed hydrogels. Radiat Phys Chem 42:903–906
Spasojević J, Radosavljević A, Krstić J, Jovanović D, Spasojević V, Kalagasidis-Krušić M, Kačarević-Popović Z (2015) Dual responsive antibacterial Ag-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/itaconic acid) hydrogel nanocomposites synthesized by gamma irradiation. Eur Polym J 69:168–185
Caykara T, Dogmus M, Kantoglu O (2004) Network structure and swelling-shrinking behaviors of pH sensitive poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 42:2586–2594
Karadag E, Saraydin D, Sahiner N, Guven O (2001) Radiation induced acrylamide/citric acid hydrogels and their swelling behaviors. J Macromol Sci A 38:1105–1121
Abd El-Mohdy HL, Safrany A (2008) Preparation of fast response superabsorbent hydrogels by radiation polymerization and crosslinking of N-isopropylacrylamide in solution. Radiat Phys Chem 77:273–279
Qiao ZP, Xie Y, Xu JG, Zhu YJ, Quian YT (1999) γ-Radiation synthesis of the nanocrystalline semiconductors PbS and CuS. J Colloid Interf Sci 214:459–461
Thoniyot P, Tan MJ, Karim AA, Young DJ, Loh XJ (2015) Nanoparticle-hydrogel composites: concept, design, and applications of these promising, multi-functional materials. Adv Sci 2:1400010
Hu Y, Chen J-F (2007) Synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanomaterials and micromaterials via gamma-irradiation route. J Clust Sci 18:371–387
Kelly KL, Coronado E, Zhao LL, Schatz GC (2003) The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment. J Phys Chem B 107(3):668–677
Mulvaney P (1996) Surface plasmon spectroscopy of nanosized metal particles. Langmuir 112(3):788–800
Karthikeyan B (2005) Spectroscopic studies on Ag–polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films. Physica B 364(1–4):328–332
Gaddy GA, Korchev AS, McLain JL, Slaten BL, Steigerwalt ES, Mills G (2004) Light-induced formation of silver particles and clusters in crosslinked PVA/PAA films. J Phys Chem B 108(39):14850–14857
Henglein A (1993) Physicochemical properties of small metal particles in solution: “microelectrode” reactions, chemisorption, composite metal particles, and the atom-to-metal transition. J Phys Chem 97(21):5457–5471
Belloni J, Mostafavi M, Remita H, Marignier JL, Delcourt MO (1998) Radiation-induced synthesis of mono- and multi-metallic clusters and nanocolloids. New J Chem 22(11):1239–1255
Temgire MK, Joshi SS (2004) Optical and structural studies of silver nanoparticles. Rad Phys Chem 71(5):1039–1044
Belloni J, Mostafavi M (2001) Radiation chemistry of nanocolloids and clusters. In: Charles Jonah CD, Madhava Rao BS (eds) Radiation chemistry present status and future trends, vol 87. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 411–452
Krstić J, Spasojević J, Radosavljević A, Šiljegovć M, Kačarević-Popović Z (2014) Optical and structural properties of radiolytically in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan/poly(vinylalcohol) blends. Radiat Phys Chem 96:158–166
Mostafavi M, Liu YP, Pernot P, Belloni J (2000) Dose rate effect on size of CdS clusters induced by irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem 59:49–59
Souici AH, Keghouche N, Delaire JA, Remita H, Mostafavi M (2006) Radiolytic synthesis and optical properties of ultra-small stabilized ZnS nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 422:25–29
Souici AH, Keghouche N, Delaire JA, Remita H, Etcheberry A, Mostafavi M (2009) Structural and optical properties of PbS nanoparticles synthesized by the radiolytic method. J Phys Chem C 113:8050–8057
Mie G (1908) Contributions to the optics of turbid media, particularly of colloidal metal solutions. Ann Phys 25:377–445
Liz-Marzan LM (2004) Nanometals: formation and color. Mater Today 7:26–31
Gudiksen MS, Lauhon UJ, Wang J, Smith DC, Lieber CM (2002) Growth of nanowire superlattice structures for nanoscale photonics and electronics. Nature 415:617–620
Melosh NA, Boukai A, Diana F, Gerardot B, Badolato A, Petroff PM, Heath JR (2003) Ultrahigh-density nanowire lattices and circuits. Science 300:112–115
Rujitanaroj P, Pimpha N, Supaphol P (2008) Wound-dressing materials with antibacterial activity from electrospun gelatin fiber mats containing silver nanoparticles. Polymer 49:4723–4732
Agarwal S, Wendorff J, Greiner A (2008) Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer 49:5603–5621
Secinti KD, Ayten M, Kahilogullari G, Kaygusuz G, Ugur HC, Attar A (2008) Antibacterial effects of electrically activated vertebral implants. J Clin Neurosci 15:434–439
Hilton JR, Williams DT, Beuker B, Miller DR, Harding KG (2004) Wound dressings in diabetic foot disease. Clin Infect Dis 39:S100–S103
Zan X, Kozlov M, Mc Carthy TJ, Su Z (2010) Covalently attached, silver-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel films on poly(l-lactic acid). Biomacromolecules 11:1082–1088
Davis SC, Martinez L, Kirsner R (2006) The diabetic foot: the importance of biofilms and wound bed preparation. Curr Diabetes Rep 6:439–445
Xiu Z, Zhang Q, Puppala HL, Colvin VL, Alvarez PJJ (2012) Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. Nano Lett 12:4271–4275
Liu J, Sonshine DA, Shervani S, Hurt RH (2010) Controlled release of biologically active silver from nanosilver surfaces. ACS Nano 4:6903–6913
Singh B (2007) Psyllium as therapeutic and drug delivery agent. Int J Pharm 334:1–14
Hardes J, Ahrens H, Gebert C, Streitberger A, Buerger H, Erre M, Gunsel A, Wedemeyer C, Saxler G, Winkelmann W, Gosheger G (2007) Lack of toxicological side-effects in silver-coated megaprostheses in humans. Biomaterials 28:2869–2875
Jain J, Arora S, Rajwade JM, Omray P, Khandelwal S, Paknikar KM (2009) Silver nanoparticles in therapeutics: development of an antimicrobial gel formulation for topical use. Mol Pharm 6:1388–1401
Jovanović Ž, Radosavljević A, Kačarević-Popović Z, Stojkovska J, Perić-Grujić A, Ristić M, Matić ZM, Juranić ZD, Obradović B, Mišković-Stanković V (2013) Bioreactor validation and biocompatibility of Ag/poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogel nanocomposites. Colloid Surface B 105:230–235
Ratner B, Hoffman A (1976) Synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications. In: Andrade JD (ed) Hydrogels for medical and related applications, vol 31. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 1–36
Kobayashi M, Hyu HS (2010) Development and evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogels as an artificial atrticular cartilage for orthopedic implants. Materials 3(4):2753–2771
Petrović M, Mitraković D, Bugarski D, Vonwil D, Martin I, Obradović B (2009) A novel bioreactor with mechanical stimulation for skeletal tissue engineering. CI&CEQ 15:41–44
Jovanović Ž, Krklješ A, Stojkovska J, Tomić S, Obradović B, Mišković-Stanković V, Kačarević-Popović Z (2011) Synthesis and characterization of silver/poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogel nanocomposite obtained by in situ radiolytic method. Radiat Phys Chem 80:1208–1215
Gu ZQ, Xiao JM, Zhang XH (1998) The development of artificial articular cartilage-PVA-hydrogel. Biomed Mater Eng 8:75–81
Yong Q, Kinam P (2001) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:49–60
Milašinović N, Milosavljević N, Filipović J, Knežević-Jugović Z, Kalagasidis-Krušić M (2010) Synthesis, characterization and application of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels as supports for lipase immobilization. React Funct Polym 70:807–814
Chanda M, Roy SK (2009) Hydrogels and smart polymers. In: Hudgin DE (ed) Industrial polymers, specialty polymers and their applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 2115–2122
Cortes J, Mendizabal E, Katime I (2008) Effect of comonomer type and concentration on the equilibrium swelling and volume phase transition temperature of N-Isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 108:1792–1796
Tasdelen B, Kayaman-Apohan N, Guven O, Baysal B (2004) Investigation of drug release from thermo- and pH-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/itaconic acid) copolymeric hydrogels. Polym Adv Technol 15:528–532
Ramirez-Fuentes Y, Bucio E, Burillo G (2008) Thermo and pH sensitive copolymer based on acrylic acid and N-Isopropylacrylamide grafted onto polypropylene. Polym Bull 60:79–87
Constantin M, Cristea M, Ascenzi P, Fundueanu G (2011) Lower critical solution temperature versus volume phase transition temperature in thermoresponsive drug delivery systems. Express Polym Lett 5:839–848
Kalagasidis-Krušić M, Ilić M, Filipović J (2009) Swelling behaviour and paracetamol release from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-itaconic acid) hydrogel. Polym Bull 63:197–211
Bhattacharyya L, Rohrer JS (2012) Applications of ion chromatography for pharmaceutical and biological products, appendix 1. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 451–453
Ni Y, Liu H, Wang F, Liang Y, Hong J, Ma X, Xu Z (2004) PbS crystals with clover-like structure: preparation, characterization, optical properties and influencing factors. Cryst Res Technol 39(3):200–206
Peterson JJ, Krauss TD (2006) Fluorescence spectroscopy of single lead sulfide quantum dots. Nano Lett 6(3):510–514
Agrawal SK, Sanabria-DeLong N, Tew GN, Bhatia SR (2008) Nanoparticle-reinforced associative network hydrogels. Langmuir 24:13148–13154
Agrawal SK, Sanabria-DeLong N, Bhatia SK, Tew GN, Bhatia SR (2010) Energetics of association in poly(lactic acid)-based hydrogels with crystalline and nanoparticle-polymer junctions. Langmuir 26:17330–17338
Buso D, Falcaro P, Costacurta S, Gugliemi M, Martucci A, Innocenzi P, Malfatti L, Bello V, Mattei G, Sada C, Amenitsch H, Gerdova I, Hache A (2005) PbS-doped mesostructured silica films with high optical nonlinearity. Chem Mater 17:4965–4970
Segal N, Keren-Zur S, Hendler N, Ellenbogen T (2015) Controlling light with metamaterial-based nonlinear photonic crystals. Nat Photonics 9:180–184
Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander EL, Muller RN (2008) Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 108:2064–2110
Zrinyi M, Barsi L, Buki A (1997) Ferrogel: a new magneto-controlled elastic medium. Polym Gels Netw 5:415–427
Ramanujan RV, Lao LL (2006) The mechanical behavior of smart magnet–hydrogel composites. Smart Mater Struct 15:952–956
Lao LL, Ramanujan RV (2004) Magnetic and hydrogel composite materials for hyperthermia applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:1061–1064
Taurin S, Nehoff H, Khaled Greish K (2012) Anticancer nanomedicine and tumor vascular permeability; where is the missing link? J Control Release 164:265–275
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Project No. 45005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Radosavljević, A., Spasojević, J., Krstić, J., Kačarević-Popović, Z. (2018). Nanocomposite Hydrogels Obtained by Gamma Irradiation. In: Mondal, M. (eds) Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels. Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76573-0_21-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76573-0_21-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76573-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76573-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics