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Synonyms
Deep venous thrombosis; DVT; Venous thromboembolism; VTE
Definition
Venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein.
Current Knowledge
Venous stasis, vessel wall injury, and hypercoagulable state, collectively known as Virchow’s Triad, contribute to the development of venous thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) typically begins in the deep veins of the calf, and about 20% will propagate proximally. A small proportion of proximal DVTs may embolize to the pulmonary circulation or elsewhere, which, in some cases, can cause death from massive pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT is common in hospitalized patients, and incidence estimates are 30–90% among people with recent stroke. DVT is associated with many other conditions that limit mobility or increase hypercoaguability, including spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cancer, and prolonged bedrest for other illnesses. Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of prophylactic anticoagulation and mobilization to prevent DVT and pulmonary embolism in selected patients. Treatment consists of administration of anticoagulants.
References
Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Ornelas, J., Blaivas, A., Jimenez, D., et al. (2016). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest, 149, 315–352.
Liu, D., Peterson, E., Dooner, J., Baerlocher, M., Zypchen, L., Gagnon, J., et al. (2015). Diagnosis and management of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: Clinical practice guideline. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187, 1288–1296.
Snow, V., Qaseem, A., Barry, P., et al. (2007). Management of venous thromboembolism: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 146, 204–210.
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Roth, E.J. (2018). Venous Thrombosis. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2212
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2212
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57110-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57111-9
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