Skip to main content

Eco-friendly Lubricants for Tribological Application

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Ecomaterials

Abstract

Tribology is branch of science and engineering regarding the assessment of interaction between moving surfaces. Tribology also involves studies of friction, lubrication, and wear and the development of the technology to reduce the negative aspects of operation. Tribology integrates the material science concept with mechanical developments. During the tribological interactions on solid surface's material undergo different type losses in terms of ‘wear’ like friction, abrasion, erosion and corrosion. Another important loss that is also associated with wear is the energy loss due to heat generation. Lubrication concept was introduced to reduce the effect of wear, in general to reduce the frictional interaction. Hence the issue of wear can be diminished by modifying the surface properties of solids (surface finishing) or by the use of lubricants (adhesive wear). From the early 1990s, tribological developments have spread its wings covering a broad area, and different branches have been launched including nano-tribology, bio-tribology, and green tribology. Green tribology deals with the ecological aspects of friction, lubrication and wear. Though the typical application of green tribology involves in bearing design for automotive sectors but can also be incorporated in personal care formulations. In the present chapter, details about the green lubricants, synthesis aspects, and nature of stocks for lubricant base have been discussed in details. Specific emphasis has been given on the novel unique resource material as lubricant base and as lubricant additives which have the potential of superior performance at reasonable price and reduced energy wastage as well as less impact on environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. www.marketsandmarkets.com

  2. Sharma UC, Anand G, Krishna S, Kuchhal P, Krishna NS, Sachan S (2017) Rheology of Karanja (Pongamia) oil based biolubricant. In: Suresh S, Kumar A, Shukla A, Singh R, Krishna C (eds) Biofuels and bioenergy (BICE2016). Springer proceedings in energy. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  3. www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/696/environmentally-friendly-lubricants

  4. McNutt J, (Sophia) He Q (2016) Development of biolubricants from vegetable oils via chemical modification. J Ind Eng Chem 36:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rani S, Joy ML, Nair KP (2015) Evaluation of physiochemical and tribological properties of rice bran oil–biodegradable and potential base stoke for industrial lubricants. Ind Crop Prod 65:328–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Salimon J, Salih N, Yousif E (2010) Biolubricants: raw materials, chemical modifications and environmental benefits. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 112:519–530

    Google Scholar 

  7. Garcés R, Martínez-Force E, Salas JJ (2011) Vegetable oil basestocks for lubricants. Grasas Aceites 62:21–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wagner H, Luther R, Mang T (2001) Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials their catalytic manufacture and modification. Appl Catal A Gen 221:429–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. www.dupont.com/products-and-services/clean-technologies.html

  10. Wang E, Ma X, Tang S, Yan R, Wang Y, Riley WW, Reaney MJT (2014) Synthesis and oxidative stability of trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester as a biolubricant base oil from waste cooking oil. Biomass Bioenergy 66:371–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Martín-Alfonso JE, Valencia C (2015) Tribological, rheological, and microstructural characterization of oleogels based on EVA copolymer and vegetables oils for lubricant applications. Tribol Int 90:426–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Arbain NH, Salimon J (2011) Synthesis and characterization of ester trimethylolpropane based jatropha curcas oil as biolubricant base stocks. J Sci Technol 2:47–58

    Google Scholar 

  13. Uosukainen E, Linko Y, Lämsä M, Tervakangas T, Linko P (1998) Transesterification of trimethylolpropane and rapeseed oil methyl ester. J Am Oil Chem Soc 75:1557–1563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Panchal T, Chauhan D, Thomas M, Patel J (2015) Bio based grease A value added product from renewable resources. Ind Crop Prod 63:48–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bokade VV, Yadav GD (2007) Synthesis of bio-diesel and bio-lubricant by transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols over heteropolyacids supported by clay (K-10). Process Saf Environ Prot 85:372–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hamid HA, Yunus R, Rashid U, Choong TSY, Al-Muhtaseb AH (2012) Synthesis of palm oil-based trimethylolpropane ester as potential biolubricant: chemical kinetics modelling. Chem Eng J 200–202:532–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Oh J, Yang S, Kim C, Choi I, Kim JH, Lee H (2013) Synthesis of biolubricants using sulfated zirconia catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 455:164–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dinda S, Patwardhan AV, Goud VV, Pradhan NC (2008) Epoxidation of cottonseed oil by aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalysed by liquid inorganic acids. Bioresour Technol 99:3737–3744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Meyer P, Techaphattana N, Manundawee S, Sangkeaw S, Junlakan W, Tongurai C (2008) Epoxidation of soybean oil and Jatropha oil. Thammasat Int J Sci Technol 13:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cooney T, Cardona F, Tran-Cong T (2011) Kinetics of in situ epoxidation of hemp oil under heterogeneous reaction conditions: an overview with preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the 1st international postgraduate conference on engineering, designing and developing the built environment for sustainable wellbeing (eddBE2011), pp 106–111

    Google Scholar 

  21. Goud VV, Pradhan NC, Patwardhan AV (2006) Epoxidation of karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil by H2O2. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:635–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Panchal T, Patel A, Thomas M, Patel J (2015) Non-traditional vegetable oils: a potential source for green lubricants. In: Proceedings of the 106th AOCS annual meeting and industry showcases organized by AOCS 2015

    Google Scholar 

  23. Monono EM, Haagenson DM, Wiesenborn DP (2015) Characterizing the epoxidation process conditions of canola oil for reactor scale-up. Ind Crop Prod 67:364–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gamage PK, Brien M, Karunanayake L (2009) Epoxidation of some vegetable oils and their hydrolysed products with peroxyformic acid – optimised to industrial scale. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 37:229–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Baets PD (1995) Comparison of the wear behavior of six bearing materials for a heavily loaded sliding system in seawater. Wear 180:61–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mascarenhas LAB, Gomes JO, Beal VE, Portela AT, Ferreira CV, Barbosa CA (2015) Design and operation of a high temperature wear test apparatus for automotive valve materials. Wear 342–343:129–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Subramanian K, Nagarajan R, Baets PD, Subramaniam S, Thangiah W, Sukumaran J (2016) Eco-friendly mono-layered PTFE blended polymer composites for dry sliding tribo – systems. Tribol Int 102:569–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Oster F, Haupert F, Friedrich K, Bickle W, Müller M (2004) New polyetheretherketone-based coatings for severe tribological applications. Mater Werkst 35(10–11):690–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Omrani E, Menezes PL, Rohatgi PK (2016) State of the art on tribological behavior of polymer matrix composites reinforced with natural fibers in the green materials world. Eng Sci Technol Int J 19:717–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2014) Review: raw natural fiber-based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19:256–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ku H, Wang H, Pattarachaiyakoop N, Trada M (2011) A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Part B Eng 42:856–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Unterweger C, Bruggemann O, Furst C (2014) Synthetic fibers and thermoplastic short-fiber-reinforced polymers: properties and characterization. Polym Compos 35:227–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Santos TFA, Vasconcelos GC, de Souza WA, Costa M, Botelho E (2015) Suitability of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers as power cable cores: galvanic corrosion and thermal stability evaluation. Mater Des 65:780–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Pei X, Bennewitz R, Schlarb AK (2015) Mechanisms of friction and wear reduction by carbon fiber reinforcement of PEEK. Tribol Lett 58:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Menezes PL, Kailas SV, Lovell MR (2011) Friction and transfer layer formation in polymer–steel tribo-system: role of surface texture and roughness parameters. Wear 271:2213–2221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Burris DL, Boesl B, Bourne GR, Sawyer WG (2007) Polymeric nanocomposites for tribological applications. Macromol Mater Eng 292:387–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Faruk O, Bledzki AK, Fink H, Sain M (2012) Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Prog Polym Sci 37:1552–1596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Hill K, Swiecki B, Cregger J (2012) The bio-based materials automotive value chain, vol 112. Center for Automotive Research, Boardwalk, Suite 200 Ann Arbor, USA

    Google Scholar 

  39. Nirmal U, Hashim J, Megat Ahmad MMH (2015) A review on tribological performance of natural fibre polymeric composites. Tribol Int 83:77–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sato T, Besshi T, Sato D, Tsutsui I (2001) Effect of water based lubricants on wear of coated material. Wear 249:50–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang Y, Yu Q, Cai M, Shi L, Zhou F, Liu W (2017) Synergy of lithium salt and non-ionic surfactant for significantly improved tribological properties of water-based fluids. Tribol Int 113:58–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Liang S, Shen Z, Yi M, Liu L, Zhang X, Ma S (2016) In-situ exfoliated graphene for high-performance water-based lubricants. Carbon 96:1181–1190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Guo Y, Zhang S (2016) The tribological properties of multi-layered graphene as additives of PAO2 oil in steel–steel contacts. Lubricants 4:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Cao Z, Xia Y (2017) Study on the preparation and tribological properties of fly ash as lubricant additive for steel/steel pair. Tribol Lett 65:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Mohanty S, Chugh YP (2007) Development of fly ash-based automotive brake lining. Tribol Int 40:1217–1224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Salah N, Abdel-wahab MS, Habib SS, Khan ZH (2017) Lubricant additives based on carbon nanotubes produced from carbon-rich fly ash. Tribol Trans 60:166–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Salaha N, Alshahrie A, Abdel-wahaba MS, Alharbic ND, Khand ZH (2017) Carbon nanotubes of oil fly ash integrated with ultrathin CuO nanosheets as effective lubricant additives. Diam Relat Mater 78:97–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Honory LA(2001) Biodegradable/biobased lubricants and greases. Machinery Lubrication Magazine. 200109

    Google Scholar 

  49. Mobarak HM, Niza Mohamad E, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Al Mahmud KAH, Habibullah M, Ashraful AM (2014) The prospects of biolubricants as alternatives in automotive applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 33:34–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kania D, Yunus R, Omar R, Rashid SA, Jan BM (2015) A review of biolubricants in drilling fluids: recent research, performance, and applications. J Petrol Sci Eng 135:177–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Maric M, Bridge C (2016) Characterizing and classifying water-based lubricants using direct analysis in real time®–time of flight mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 266:73–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Nagendramma P, Kaul S (2012) Development of ecofriendly/biodegradable lubricants: an overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:764–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ranjana Das .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Das, R. (2018). Eco-friendly Lubricants for Tribological Application. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_95-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_95-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48281-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48281-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics