Kyphoplasty Techniques

Abstract

Galibert and Deramond performed the first percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation in 1984 for the treatment of painful vertebral hemangiomas. Over the next decade, its use became more widespread and modifications to the technique led to the development of kyphoplasty. Currently, both kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are most commonly used in the USA for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. More than 50 million people in the USA have osteoporosis or low bone density and this number is projected to only increase with the aging population. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are one of the most common manifestations of the disease, with more than 1.4 million occurring worldwide each year. These vertebral compression fractures can be a source of substantial morbidity and disability. Other common uses of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty include the treatment of vertebral body pain or fracture secondary to metastatic disease or primary bone tumors. There have been numerous studies investigating the utility of their use. Despite the large volume of research, there is still debate on the exact role and efficacy of both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Prior to recommending or performing percutaneous vertebral augmentation, physicians should weigh the potential benefits andcomplications for each individual being considered for treatment.