Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease associated with premature birth and characterized by early lung injury. Over the past four decades, there have been significant changes in the definition, pathology, and radiological findings of BPD. The clinical profile of infants with BPD has changed and it is uncommon in infants over 1,200 g birth weight and >30 weeks gestational age. Understanding of the basic biology of lung development and use of antenatal steroids, postnatal surfactant, new ventilatory strategies, and aggressive nutrition have resulted in major improvements in the clinical course and outcomes. Management of the early, evolving and established phases of BPD continues to improve. Despite many advances in care, however, infants with BPD have significant neurodevelopmental and pulmonary sequelae.
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Abbreviations
- α1P1:
-
Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor
- BPD:
-
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- BW:
-
Birth weight
- CC10:
-
Clara cell 10-kD protein
- CCSP:
-
Clara cell secretory protein
- CMV:
-
Conventional mechanical ventilation
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- CTGI:
-
Continuous tracheal gas insufflation
- ET-1:
-
Endothelin-1
- FGF-2:
-
Fibroblast growth factor-2
- GA:
-
Gestational age
- HFOV:
-
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
- HGF:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- ICAM-1:
-
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- ILs:
-
Interleukins
- IL-1RA:
-
IL-1 receptor antagonist
- iNO:
-
Inhaled nitric oxide
- KGF:
-
Keratinocyte growth factor
- LFA-1:
-
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- MCP:
-
Monocyte chemoattractant proteins
- MIF:
-
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MMPs:
-
Matrix metalloproteinases
- NAC:
-
N-acetyl cysteine
- NCPAP:
-
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure
- NF-kB:
-
Nuclear factor-kappa B
- NIPPV:
-
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation
- PAI-1:
-
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PDA:
-
Patent ductus arteriosus
- PMA:
-
Postmenstrual age
- PTHrP:
-
Parathyroid hormone-related protein
- RCT:
-
Randomized controlled trial
- RDS:
-
Respiratory distress syndrome
- RSV:
-
Respiratory syncytial virus
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TA:
-
Tracheal aspirates
- TATI:
-
Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor
- TGF-ß1:
-
Transforming growth factor-ß1
- TIMP:
-
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-α
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Bhandari, V. (2016). Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease of the Newborn. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18159-2_205-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18159-2_205-1
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