Skip to main content

The Integrity of Good Relations: Indigenous Approaches to Respect, Relationality, and Reciprocity in Higher Learning

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Second Handbook of Academic Integrity

Abstract

Globally, we are reminded that education has always been, and will always be, essential to human survival and, delivered in its ideal form, can result in achieving our full potential. According to UNESCO, education is a basic human right that works to raise men and women out of poverty, level inequalities, and ensure sustainable development. The recognition of education as a means to increase social standing underlies its rights designation; yet, as Indigenous scholars working within a postsecondary context in Canada, we believe that education holds the potential to be so much more. In this chapter, we maintain that institutional efforts around decolonizing and Indigenizing in postsecondary settings shed light on colonial capitalist systems that are the grounds for many of the current crises within academic integrity. Given these mounting concerns, we argue that the valuing and inclusion of Indigenous principles within educational spaces hold the potential to shift education out of its current crisis into the realm of what is holistically possible. The consideration of a more holistic definition of academic integrity, inclusive of Indigenous principles, requires fellow educators to identify what values are embedded in their system of education and to ask themselves why these things matter. Furthermore, we propose solutions for what is transpiring as critical concerns in academic integrity will be found in collectivist traditions that have endured across ages and are now found in contemporary classroom practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Archibald, J.-A. (2008). Indigenous storywork: Educating the heart, mind, body, and spirit. UBC Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J. (1988). Traditional indigenous education: A natural process. In Tradition, change, survival: The answers are within us. First Nations House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, V. (2019, March 15). Celebrity parents and the bizarre ‘cheating’ scandal. BBC News: US & Canada. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47585336

  • Ball, J., & Janyst, P. (2008). Enacting research ethics in partnerships with Indigenous communities in Canada: “Do it in a good way”. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 3(2), 33–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bastien, & Kremer, J. W. (2004). Blackfoot ways of knowing : The worldview of the Siksikaitsitapi. University of Calgary Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battiste, M. (2013). Decolonizing education: Nourishing the learning spirit. Purich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beausaert, S. A. J., Segers, M. S. R., & Wiltink, D. P. A. (2013). The influence of teachers’ teaching approaches on students’ learning approaches: The student perspective. Educational Research, 55(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2013.767022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bretag, T., Harper, R., Burton, M., Ellis, C., Newton, P. M., Rozenberg, P., et al. (2018). Contract cheating: A survey of Australian university students. Studies in Higher Education, 44(11), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1462788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cajete, G. (1994). Look to the mountain: An ecology of indigenous education. Kivaki Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cajete, G. (2016). Foreword. In M. T. D. Tanaka (Ed.), Learning and teaching together: Weaving indigenous ways of knowing into education. UBC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Council on Learning. (2009). The state of aboriginal learning in Canada: A holistic approach to measuring success. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen Hughes, J. (2017). Understanding academic misconduct: Creating robust cultures of integrity. Paper presented at the University of Calgary, Calgary. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110083

  • Christensen Hughes, J., & Eaton, S. (2022). Academic misconduct in higher education: Beyond student cheating. In S. E. Eaton & J. Christensen Hughes (Eds.), Academic integrity in Canada. Ethics and integrity in educational contexts (Vol. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chirumamilla, A., Sindre, G., & Nguyen-Duc, A. (2020). Cheating in e-exams and paper exams: The perceptions of engineering students and teachers in Norway. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(7), 940–957. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1719975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crossman, K. (2022). Education as a financial transaction: Contract employment and contract cheating. In S. E. Eaton & J. Christensen Hughes (Eds.), Academic integrity in Canada: An enduring and essential challenge. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dion, S. D. (2009). Braiding histories: Learning from aboriginal peoples’ experiences and perspectives. UBC Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dion, S. D. (2022). Braided learning: Illuminating indigenous presence through art and story. Purich Books.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Donald, D. (2012). Forts, curriculum, and ethical relationality. In Reconsidering Canadian curriculum studies: Provoking historical, present, and future perspectives (pp. 39–46). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137008978_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, S. E. (2022). New priorities for academic integrity: Equity, diversity, inclusion, decolonization and indigenization. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-022-00105-0

  • Gaudry, A., & Lorenz, D. (2018). Indigenization as inclusion, reconciliation, and decolonization: Navigating the different visions for indigenizing the Canadian academy. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 14(3), 218–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gladue, K. (2020). Indigenous academic integrity project. Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning. https://taylorinstitute.ucalgary.ca/resources/indigenous-academic-integrity

    Google Scholar 

  • Grande, S. (2018). Refusing the university. In E. Tuck & K. W. Yang (Eds.), Toward what justice: Describing diverse dreams of justice in education (pp. 47–65). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Graveline, F. J. (1998). Circle works: Transforming Eurocentric consciousness. Fernwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, M. A. (2010). Indigenous worldviews, knowledge, and research: The development of an indigenous research paradigm. Journal of Indigenous Social Development, 1(1A), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. (2016). Indigenizing higher education and the calls to action: Awakening to personal, political, and academic responsibilities. The Canadian Social Work Review, 33(1), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.7202/1037096ar

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. M., Spittel, M. L., & Zeno, T. L. (2014). Educational attainment and life expectancy. Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(1), 189–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkness, V. J., & Barnhardt, R. (2001). First nations and higher education: The four R’s – Respect, relevance, reciprocity, responsibility. Journal of American Indian Education, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi, R. (2019, March 19). These Indian parents climbed a school wall to help their kids cheat on an exam. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/03/19/these-indian-parents-climbed-a-school-wall-to-help-their-kids-cheat-on-an-exam/

  • Lancet Public Health, The. (2022). Education: A neglected social determinant of health. The Lancet Public Health, 5(7), e361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30144-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Little Bear, L. (2014). Jagged worldviews colliding. In M. Battiste (Ed.), Reclaiming indigenous voice and vision (pp. 57–76). UBC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louie, D., Poitras Pratt, Y., Hanson, A., & Ottmann, J. (2017). Applying indigenizing principles of decolonizing methodologies in university classrooms. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 47(3), 16–33. http://journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/issue/view/182767

  • Louie, D., & Poitras Pratt, Y. (in review). Witnessing as an Indigenizing practice. Submitted to McGill Journal of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maness, S. B., Merrell, L., Thompson, E. L., Griner, S. B., Kline, N., & Wheldon, C. (2021). Social determinants of health and health disparities: COVID-19 exposures and mortality among African American people in the United States. Public Health Reports, 136(1), 18–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, N., & Wolvengrey, A. (2016). 100 days of Cree. University of Regina Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Minthorn, R. S., & Shotton, H. J. (2018). Reclaiming indigenous research in higher education. Rutgers University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ojibwe.net. (n.d.). Nishinaabe Bimiiadziwin Kinoomaadwinan: Teachings of the Medicine Wheel; Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers. https://ojibwe.net/projects/prayers-teachings/the-gifts-of-the-seven-grandfathers/

  • Pidgeon. (2014). Moving beyond good intentions: Indigenizing higher education in British Columbia universities through institutional responsibility and accountability. Journal of American Indian Education, 53(2), 7–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poitras Pratt, Y. (2020). Digital storytelling in indigenous education: A decolonizing journey for a Métis community. Routledge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poitras Pratt, Y. (2021). Resisting symbolic violence: Métis community engagement in lifelong learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2021.1958017

  • Poitras Pratt, Y., & Gladue, K. (2022). Re-defining academic integrity with indigenous truths. In S. Eaton & J. C. Hughes (Eds.), Academic integrity in Canada: An enduring and essential challenge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Poitras Pratt, Y., & Bodnaresko, S. (Eds.). (2023). Truth and reconciliation through education: Stories of decolonizing practices. Brush Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poitras Pratt, Y., & Hanson, A. J. (2020). Indigenous instructors’ perspectives on pre-service teacher education: Poetic responses to difficult learning and teaching. Race Ethnicity and Education, 25(6), 855–873. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2020.1718085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, M., & Trigwell, K. (1999). Relational perspectives on higher education: Teaching and learning in the sciences. Studies in Science Education, 33(1), 31–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057269908560135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsden, P. (1987). Improving teaching and learning in higher education: The case for a relational perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 12(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075078712331378062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roe, J., & Perkins, M. (2022). What are automated paraphrasing tools and how do we address them? A review of a growing threat to academic integrity. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 18(15). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-022-00109-w

  • Sams, J., & Nitsch, T. (1991). Other council fires were here before ours: A classic native American creation story as retold by a Seneca elder, Twylah Nitsch, and her granddaughter, Jamie Sams: The Medicine Stone speaks from the past to our future. HarperSanFrancisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith. (2021). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples (3rd ed.). Bloomsbury Academic & Professional.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • St. Denis, V. (2007). Aboriginal education and anti-racist education: Building alliances across cultural and racial identity. Canadian Journal of Education, 30(4), 1068–1092. https://doi.org/10.2307/20466679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman, E., & Kovats Sánchez, G. (2021). Magnifying and healing colonial trauma in higher education. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1037/DHE0000215

  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). The survivors speak: A report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/trc/IR4-5-2015-eng.pdf

  • Wagamese, R. (2019). One drum : Stories and ceremonies for a planet. Douglas and McIntyre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, C. A., & Nilam, S. (2017). Educational level as a social determinant of health and its relationship to periodontal disease as a health outcome. Journal of Dental Science and Therapy, 1(3), 8–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westfall, M. E. (2002). A relational model for learning. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 22(1_suppl), 80S–80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/15394492020220S111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windchief, S., & Joseph, D. H. (2015). The act of claiming higher education as indigenous space: American Indian/Alaska native examples. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 9(4), 267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Younging, G. (2018). Elements of indigenous style: A guide for writing by and about indigenous peoples. Brush Education.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keeta Gladue .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Gladue, K., Poitras Pratt, Y. (2024). The Integrity of Good Relations: Indigenous Approaches to Respect, Relationality, and Reciprocity in Higher Learning. In: Eaton, S.E. (eds) Second Handbook of Academic Integrity. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54144-5_132

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics