Abstract
The interest in the marine environment which plays an especially significant role in solving climate change and plastic pollution problems has shown itself with the formation of various concepts. Significant developments have been started in recent years in life below water, the 14th goal of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. In this context, the sustainable blue economy concept put forward by the European Union for the oceans and seas is the last of these developments. In this section, the concept of sustainable blue economy has been evaluated together with its economic, political, and environmental aspects, and sectoral processes such as shipping, fishing, tourism, etc. have been examined in Turkey. The fact that Turkey has a coast to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea has brought it to a critical position in marine environmental policies. For this reason, both its position as a candidate country for the European Union and its role in African and Asian countries have necessitated studies on the maritime policies of Turkey. As a result, it is also essential for those who will work on this subject in the future to evaluate the processes of sustainable blue economy policies in Turkey with topics such as tourism, employment, shipping, fisheries, and pollution and to show the data on these issues in a systematic way.
References
Akay B (2020) Mavi Büyüme Stratejisi: Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Turizmine Yönelik Bir İnceleme. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 4(3):3051–3063
Atalay, Mustafa Altuğ ve Özerdem Maltaş (2020), Aquaculture Legislation and Management of Turkey, Çoban, Deniz, M. Didem Demircan, Deniz D. Tosun (der.), Marine Aquaculture in Turkey: Advancements and Management (İstanbul: TÜDAV): 1–32.
Bari A (2017) Our oceans and the blue economy: opportunities and challenges. Proc Eng 194:5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.109
Bennett NJ, Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Blythe J et al (2019) Towards a sustainable and equitable blue economy. Nat Sustain 2:991–993. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0404-1
Bilecenoğlu M (2018) Controlling the lionfish invasion in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In: Hüseyinoğlu MF, Öztürk B (eds) Lionfish invasion and its management in the Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul, pp 1–9
Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Moreno-Báez M, Reygondeau G, Cheung WWL, Crosman KM, González-Espinosa PC, Lam VWY, Oyinlola MA, Singh GG, Swartz W, Zheng C-w, Ota Y (2021) Enabling conditions for an equitable and sustainable blue economy. Nature 591:396–497. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03327-3
Clark H (2017) What will it take to achieve the sustainable development goals? J Int Aff Special 70th Anniversary Issue:53–59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44842600
Çoban MN, Ölmez Ü (2017) Mavi Ekonomi ve Mavi Büyüme. Turk Stud 12(3):155–166. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.11122
Coffen-Smout S (2019) Coastal and marine spatial planning: balancing the ecosystem approach and the sustainable blue economy. In the future of ocean governance and capacity development. leiden, The netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_045
Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü (2021) 2019–2020 Türkiye’nin Denizyolu Verileri. https://denizcilik.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz-ticareti-gostergeleri/2020-yili-turkiye-denizcilik-profili.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
European Commission (2021a) European green deal: developing a sustainable blue economy in the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2341. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
European Commission (2021b) Sustainable blue economy. https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/ocean/blue-economy/sustainable-blue-economy_en. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Golden J, Virdin J, Nowacek D et al (2017) Making sure the blue economy is green. Nat Ecol Evol 1:0017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0017
Gulseven O (2020) Measuring achievements towards SDG 14, life below water, in The United Arab Emirates. Mar Policy 117:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103972
Heidkamp CP, Garland M, Krak L (2021) Enacting a just and sustainable blue economy through transdisciplinary action research. Geogr J 00:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12410
İstanbul & Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Blacksea Regions Chamber of Shipping (2021) Türk Deniz Ticaret Filosu. https://www.denizticaretodasi.org.tr/media/SharedDocuments/filo-verileri/2020_temmuz_tr.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Kabasakal H (2020) Agreement with the monster: lessons we learned from the great white shark in Turkish waters. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul
Lee K, Noh J, Khim J (2020) The blue economy and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: challenges and opportunities. Environ Int 137:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528
Llewellyn LE, English S, Barnwell S (2016) A roadmap to a sustainable Indian Ocean blue economy. J Indian Ocean Reg 12(1):52–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2016.1138713
Mallin F, Barbesgaard M (2020) Awash with contradiction: capital, ocean space and the logics of the blue economy paradigm. Geoforum 113:121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.04.021
Ntona M, Morgera E (2018) Connecting SDG 14 with the other sustainable development goals through marine spatial planning. Mar Policy 93:214–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.06.020
Öztürk B, Topaloğlu B, Sümen SG, Turan C, İşinibilir M, Şamil Ş, Özen Ş (2018) Jellyfish of the Black Sea and eastern Mediterranean waters. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul
Pauli G (2010) The blue Economy-10 years, 100 innovations, 100 million jobs. Paradigm, Taos
Pauly D (2018) A vision for marine fisheries in a global blue economy. Mar Policy 2018:371–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.010
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2019) Su Ürünleri Sektör Politika Belgesi 2019–2023. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/yayin/Su%20Ürünleri%20Sektör%20Politika%20Belgesi%202019-2023.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2007) Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi-2023. https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2021) Turizm Gelirleri ve Giderleri. https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-201116/turizm-gelirleri-ve-giderleri.html. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Rickelsa W, Weiganda C, Grasse P, Schmidtc J, Voss R (2019) Does the European Union achieve comprehensive blue growth? Progress of T EU coastal states in the Baltic and North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean against sustainable development goal 14. Mar Policy 106:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103515
Salihoğlu B, Öztürk B (2021) İklim Değişikliği ve Türkiye Denizleri Üzerine Etkileri. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul
SDSN Turkey (2021) Sustainable development report. http://unsdsn.boun.edu.tr/sdr2021/. Accessed 23 Mar 2022
Silver JJ, Gray NJ, Campbell LM, Fairbanks LW, Gruby RL (2015) Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. J Environ Dev 24(2):135–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
Smith-Godfrey S (2016) Defining the blue economy. Maritime Aff 12(1):58–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2016.1175131
Spaniol M, Hansen H (2021) Electrification of the seas: foresight for a sustainable blue economy. J Clean Prod 322:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128988
Statista (2019) Transport industry in Turkey. http://statista.com. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Statista (2020) Shipbuilding and maritime activities in Turkey. http://statista.com. 28 Dec 2021
Sturesson A, Weitz N, Persson Å (2018) SDG 14: life below water. A review of research needs. Technical annex to the Formas report Forskning för Agenda 2030: Översikt av forskningsbehov och vägar framåt. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
Toplu Yılmaz Ö (2021) Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Mavi Ekonomi İçin Balıkçılık Desteklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler FakÜltesi Dergisi 14(3):906–923. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.788879
Turkish Marine Research Foundation (2020) TÜDAV 22. Yıl. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul
Türk Loydu (2020) 2020 annual report. https://turkloydu.org/pdf-files/yillik-calisma-raporlari/2020-Yili-Calisma-Raporu.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Turkish Statistical Institute (2019) İstatistiklerle Çevre. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cevre-2018-33675. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Turkish Statistical Institute (2021a) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması-2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Income-and-Living-Conditions-Survey-2020-37404. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Turkish Statistical Institute (2021b) İşgücü İstatistikleri-2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ocak-2021-37486. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Turkish Statistical Institute (2021c) Su Ürünleri-2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Turkish Statistical Institute (2021d) Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Göstergeleri 2010–2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sustainable-Development-Indicators-2010-2019-37194. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (1987) Our common future. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (1992) Agenda 21. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (2002) Report of the world summit on sustainable development. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/636/93/PDF/N0263693.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (2012) The future we want. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/733FutureWeWant.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (2014) Blue economy concept paper. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2978BEconcept.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
United Nations (2015) Our transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E. Accessed 28 Dec 2021
Ünlü S (2018) Oil pollution at sea and coast following major accidents. In: Ünlü S, Alpar B, Öztürk B (eds) Oil spill along the Turkish straits sea area; accidents, environmetal pollution, socio-economic impacts and protection. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstanbul, pp 101–120
Virto L (2018) A preliminary assessment of the indicators for sustainable development goal (SDG) 14 “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. Mar Policy 98:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.036
Voyer M, Quirk G, McIlgorm A, Azmi K (2018) Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the blue economy mean for oceans governance? J Environ Policy Plan 20(5):595–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473153
Wenhai L, Cusack C, Baker M, Tao W, Mingbao C, Paige K, Xiaofan Z, Levin L, Escobar E, Amon D, Yue Y, Reitz A, Neves AAS, O’Rourke E, Mannarini G, Pearlman J, Tinker J, Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P, Pouliquen S, Dale T, Peng Z, Yufeng Y (2019) Successful blue economy examples with an emphasis on international perspectives. Front Mar Sci 6(261):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261
Willis Z (2016) IOOS® support the blue economy. In: Oceans 2016 MTS/IEEE monterey, pp 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2016.7761025
Wright G, Schmidt S, Rochette J, Shackeroff J, Unger S, Waweru Y, Müller A (2017) Partnering for a sustainable ocean: the role of regional ocean governance in implementing SDG14. IDDRI, IASS, TMG & UN Environment, PROG
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Karlı, A. (2024). Sustainable Blue Economy Policy in Turkey: Challenges and Opportunities. In: Leal Filho, W., Abubakar, I.R., da Silva, I., Pretorius, R., Tarabieh, K. (eds) SDGs in Africa and the Middle East Region . Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Regional Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91260-4_23-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91260-4_23-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91260-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91260-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences