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Paleogene Metatherians from the Itaboraí Basin: Diversity and Affinities

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American and Australasian Marsupials

Abstract

Metatherians represented the most diverse group of Paleogene mammals of South America. The early Eocene metatherian fauna of Itaboraí, Brazil, was one of the most prominent. This fauna preserved a great diversity of tiny and very small insectivore assemblages, specialized durophagous, and brachydont-bunodont metatherians and is represented by 29 genera and 39 species, which are tooth-based taxa. The fauna preserved the oldest confirmed representatives of Didelphimorphia, as well as possible stem-Paucituberculata, but with no confirmed Australidelphia. Furthermore, the probable presence of the North American Late Cretaceous groups in the fauna, such as Pediomyoidea, Hatcheriformes, and Stagodontidae is also discussed. Sparassodonts, such as Patene, represented the top mammalian predators of the fauna. The large variety of Itaboraian “ameridelphians” includes, among others, “peradectoids,” caroloameghinioids, jaskhadelphyids, and sternbergiids, which represented earlier metatherian clades than the marsupials. Polydolopimorphians were represented by Epidolops, the most abundant metatherian of this fauna, and Gashternia. Caroloameghinioids should not be assigned to Didelphimorphia, and is here regarded as “peradectoids.” Derorhynchidae was the sister taxon of Herpetotheriidae. The reassessment of the eight petrosal morphotypes recovered in Itaboraí supports the common origin for the majority of South American clades and has enabled their reassessment to representatives of this fauna.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter was financed in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES), and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa e Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE) Project funding number: GD 140891/2020-0.

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  1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Geociências (PPGEOC), Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Leonardo M. Carneiro

  2. The Paleontology and Paleoecology Laboratory, Natural History Society, Torres Vedras, Portugal

    Leonardo M. Carneiro

  3. Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Édison Vicente Oliveira

  4. Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Édison Vicente Oliveira

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  1. Leonardo M. Carneiro
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  1. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

    Nilton C. Cáceres

  2. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Christopher R. Dickman

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  1. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

    Nilton Cáceres

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Carneiro, L.M., Oliveira, É.V. (2022). Paleogene Metatherians from the Itaboraí Basin: Diversity and Affinities. In: Cáceres, N.C., Dickman, C.R. (eds) American and Australasian Marsupials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88800-8_5-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88800-8_5-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88800-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-88800-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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