Abstract
Technological advancement plays a critical role in the development of industries and economies. It also has a direct impact on the operations and performance of workers. Technological modernization not only eliminates some jobs but also leads to the creation of new opportunities and labor markets. The present study aims to examine the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, namely, Industry 4.0, on the performance and survival of workers in developing regions, specifically Pakistan. The literature and studies indicated that technological advancement in the industry substitutes a large number of occupations with routine tasks, both in cognitive and manual formats, while for some jobs it has a positive impact. It is also found that developing soft skills and training of workers plays an essential role in the survival and success of workers in Industry 4.0. It is suggested that developing countries, such as Pakistan, can address the impacts of Industry 4.0 by analyzing future trends and by formulating policies to provide training to the workers for skills development and promoting jobs in new technologies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas J (2019) Impact of total quality management on corporate sustainability through the mediating effect of knowledge management. J Clean Prod 244:118806. https:/978-3-030-84205-5/doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118806
Abbas J (2020a) Impact of total quality management on corporate green performance through the mediating role of corporate social responsibility. J Clean Prod 242:118458. https:/978-3-030-84205-5/doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118458
Abbas J (2020b) Service quality in higher education institutions: qualitative evidence from the students’ perspectives using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Int J Qual Serv Sci. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-02-2020-0016
Abbas J (2020c) HEISQUAL: a modern approach to measure service quality in higher education institutions. Stud Educ Eval 67:100933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100933
Abbas J, Mahmood HK, Hussain F (2015) Information security management for small and medium size enterprises. Science International-Lahore 27(3):2393–2398
Abbas J, Muzaffar A, Mahmood HK, Ramzan MA, Rizvi SS, ul H (2014a). Impact of technology on performance of employees (A Case Study on Allied Bank Ltd, Pakistan). World Appl Sci J 29(2):271–276
Abbas J, Muzaffar A, Shoaib M, Mahmood HK (2014b) Do business schools really fulfill industry requirements? An investigation of industrial performance of business graduates. World Appl Sci J 31(7):1378–1384
Abbas J, Sagsan M (2019a) Identification of key employability attributes and evaluation of university graduates’ performance: instrument development and validation. Higher Educ Skills Work Based Learn 10(3):449–466. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-06-2019-0075
Abbas J, Sagsan M (2019b). Impact of knowledge management practices on green innovation and corporate sustainable development: a structural analysis. J Clean Prod 229:611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.024
Acemoglu D, Autor D (2011) Skills, tasks and technologies: implications for employment and earnings. In: Handbook of labor economics, vol 4. Elsevier, pp 1043–1171
Ahsan MU, Nasir M, Abbas J (2020) Examining the causes of plastic bags usages and public perception about its effects on the natural environment. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci 10(10):80–96. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7919
Autor DH, Levy F, Murnane RJ (2003) The skill content of recent technological change: an empirical exploration. Q J Econ 118(4):1279–1333
Bauernhansl T, Ten Hompel M, Vogel-Heuser (2014) Industry 4.0 in production, automation and logistics: application technology migration. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp 1–648
Behaghel L, Caroli E, Walkowiak E (2012) Information and communication technologies and skill upgrading: the role of internal vs external labour markets. Oxf Econ Pap 64(3):490–517
Ben-Ner A, Urtasun A (2013) Computerization and skill bifurcation: the role of task complexity in creating skill gains and losses. ILR Rev 66(1):225–267
Bonekamp L, Sure M (2015) Consequences of Industry 4.0 on human labour and work organisation. J Bus Media Psychol 6(1):33–40
Bowles J (2014) The computerisation of European jobs-who will win and who will lose from the impact of new technology onto old areas of employment? Breugel
Brynjolfsson E, McAfee A (2014) The second machine age: work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company
Burmeister C, Lüttgens D, Piller FT (2016) Business model innovation for Industrie 4.0: why the “industrial internet” mandates a new perspective on innovation. Die Unternehmung 70(2):124–152
Cihelkova E, Nguyen P (2018) EU’s and China’s approaches to adapting mutual relations to new global conditions. Paper presented at the 4th international conference on European integration 2018 (ICEI 2018), Ostrava, Czech Republic, pp 190–198
Eurostat (2020) Eurostat. Available Online https://Eurostat.Sk
Ford MR (2009) The lights in the tunnel: automation, accelerating technology and the economy of the future. Acculant Publishing
Fraunhofer IAO, Ingenics AG (2014) Industrie 4.0–Eine Revolution der Arbeitsgestaltung. Wie Automatisierung und Digitalisierung Unsere Produkte Verändern Warden
Frey CB, Osborne MA (2017) The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technol Forecast Soc Chang 114:254–280
Givord P, Maurin E (2004) Changes in job security and their causes: an empirical analysis for France, 1982–2002. Eur Econ Rev 48(3):595–615
Goldin C, Katz LF (2007) The race between education and technology: the evolution of US educational wage differentials, 1890 to 2005. National Bureau of Economic Research
Goos M, Manning A, Salomons A (2010) Explaining job polarization in Europe: the roles of technology, globalization and institutions. Centre for Economic Performance, LSE
Gordon RJ (2012) Why innovation won’t save US: for more than a century, the US economy grew robustly thanks to big inventions; those days are gone. The Wall Street Journal, p 22
Habib M, Abbas J, Noman R (2019) Are human capital, intellectual property rights, and research and development expenditures really important for total factor productivity? An empirical analysis. Int J Soc Econ 46(6):756–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2018-0472
Hanulakova E, Dano F (2018) Circular economy as a new managerial approach. AD ALTA J Interdiscip Res 8:95–98
Hirsch-Kreinsen H (2014) Welche Auswirkungen hat “Industrie 4.0” auf die Arbeitswelt? https://library.fes.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3042
Hnat P, Sankot O (2019) European imbalances and shifts of global value chains to the central European periphery: role of institutions. AUC Geographica
Hussain F, Mahmood HK, Abbas J (2015) Information security management for small and medium size enterprises. Sci Int Lahore 27(3):2393–2398
Imran M, Abbas J (2020) The role of strategic orientation in export performance of China automobile industry. In: Handbook of research on managerial practices and disruptive innovation in Asia. IGI Global, pp 249–263
Jaimovich N, Siu HE (2020) Job polarization and jobless recoveries. Rev Econ Stat 102(1):129–147
Kagermann H (2014) Change through digitization – value creation in the age of Industry 4.0. In: Management of permanent change. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, pp 23–45
Kreckova Z, Dana Z, Hana R (2016) The added value of women in management: the Czech case. Prague Econ Papers 25:354–373
Mahmood HK, Hashmi MS, Shoaib DM, Danish R, Abbas J (2014) Impact of TQM practices on motivation of teachers in secondary schools empirical evidence from Pakistan. J Basic Appl Sci Res 4(6):1–8
Mahmood HK, Hussain F, Mahmood M, Kumail R, Abbas J (2020) Impact of E-assessment at middle school students’ learning – an empirical study at USA middle school students. Int J Sci Eng Res 11(4):1722–1736
Maier A, Student D (2014) MD in Germany. Manager Magazin 12:92–98
Monostori L (2014) Cyber-physical production systems: roots, expectations and R&D challenges. Proc CIRP 17:9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.03.115
Müller JM, Buliga O, Voigt K-I (2018) Fortune favors the prepared: how SMEs approach business model innovations in Industry 4.0. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 132:2–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.12.019
Nenckova L, Pecakova, Petr S (2020) Disposal behaviour of Czech consumers towards textile products. Waste Manage 106:71–76
Sony M, Naik S (2019) Key ingredients for evaluating Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations: a literature review. Benchmarking Int J 27:2213–2232
Spitz-Oener A (2006) Technical change, job tasks, and rising educational demands: looking outside the wage structure. J Labor Econ 24(2):235–270
Sümer B (2018) Impact of Industry 4.0 on occupations and employment in Turkey. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n10p1
Xu LD, Duan L (2019) Big data for cyber physical systems in Industry 4.0: a survey. Enterprise Inform Syst 13(2):148–169
Zemanova Z, Stepanka, Drulakova R (2016) Making global goals local business in V4 countries: V4 entrepreneurs and the UN global compact. Globalization and its socio-economic consequences. Paper presented at 16th international scientific conference proceedings, pp 2490–2497
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kazmi, S.J.A., Abbas, J. (2022). Examining the Impact of Industry 4.0 on Labor Market in Pakistan. In: Hussain, C.M., Di Sia, P. (eds) Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84205-5_80
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84205-5_80
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-84204-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-84205-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering