2 Differential Diagnosis
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, phthisis bulbi, a socket post-enucleation (acquired clinical anophthalmos).
3 Diagnosis
The presence of a small appearing eye (or eyes) with a corneal diameter under 10 mm and an axial length under 20 mm. The absence of an eye confirms the diagnosis of clinical anophthalmos; however, a small microphthalmic eye is often revealed on imaging.
4 Treatment
Early intervention to expand the orbit is needed to allow for proper orbital and facial growth. This can be accomplished via serial prosthetic conformers or with osmotic expanders. Ultimately, an ocular implant may be placed, such as a dermis fat graft.
5 Figures with Captions
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References
Moore KL, TVN P, Torchia MG. The developing human clinically oriented embryology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 1. online resource.
Handler L, Heher K, Katowitz J. Congenital and acquired anophthalmia. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1994;5:84–90.
Kennedy RE. The effect of early enucleation on the orbit in animals and humans. Adv Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;9:1–39.
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Katowitz, W.R. (2021). Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia. In: Ben Simon, G., Greenberg, G., Prat, D. (eds) Atlas of Orbital Imaging . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41927-1_12-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41927-1_12-1
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