Abstract
Anethum arvense Salisb.; Anethum graveolens subsp. sowa (Roxb. ex Fleming) N.F. Koren; Anethum graveolens var. anatolicum N.F. Koren; Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming; Angelica graveolens (L.) Steud.; Ferula graveolens (L.) Spreng.; Ferula marathrophylla Walp.; Peucedanum anethum Baill.; Peucedanum graveolens (L.) Hiern.; Peucedanum sowa (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kurz; Selinum anethum Roth; Selinum graveolens (L.) Vest
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download reference work entry PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Synonyms
Anethum graveolens L.: Anethum arvense Salisb.; Anethum graveolens subsp. sowa (Roxb. ex Fleming) N.F. Koren; Anethum graveolens var. anatolicum N.F. Koren; Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming; Angelica graveolens (L.) Steud.; Ferula graveolens (L.) Spreng.; Ferula marathrophylla Walp.; Peucedanum anethum Baill.; Peucedanum graveolens (L.) Hiern.; Peucedanum sowa (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kurz; Selinum anethum Roth; Selinum graveolens (L.) Vest
Local Names
Russian, Укроп (ukrop); Azeri, шюют (shjujut), шивит (shivit); Armenian, самит (samit); Georgian, (k’ama), (tseretso), ( (didi k’ama), (rusuli k’ama) (Grossheim 1952; Ketskhoveli et al. 1971–2011; Makashvili 1991; Sokolov 1988); Farsi, (mitkham), (shabat), (shevet), (shevid), (toragh); English, Dill.
Botany and Ecology
Annual; entire plant glabrous, dark green, with distally indistinct blue striae with pungent spicy odor; root thin, fusiform; stem 40–12 cm high, single, erect, branching or nearly simple, thinly furrowed, with alternate narrow whitish and green striae, branching above, curved between branches; leaves tri- or quadripinnate, ovate, lobules of last order linear-filiform or nearly setaceous; lower leaves with petioles expanding to oblong, 1.5–2-cm-long sheath with broad scarious margin; upper leaves with smaller and less dissected blade, sessile on sheath. Umbels to 15 cm across, of 30–50 smooth, nearly equal rays; involucre and involucels lacking; calyx teeth very short; petals yellow, tapering to flat, hardly notched involute lobule; stylopodium pale yellow, pulviniform; styles very short, nearly erect at flowering, becoming recurved in fruit, stigma claviform-capitate; fruit ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, dorsally compressed, 3–5 mm long, 1.5–3.5 mm wide; mericarps with three prominent, carinate, dorsal ribs, lateral ribs extended into thin, straw-colored margin; canals solitary in valleculae, two toward commissure; albumen semi-elliptic in cross section, nearly flat toward commissure. Flowering June–July. Ural, Caucasus, cultivated and escaped near dwellings, kitchen gardens, fields, and roads (Shishkin 1951) (Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4).
Phytochemistry
Essential oils (carvone) (Sokolov 1988)
Local Medicinal Uses
The seed and leaves of A. graveolens help to treat digestive problems such as gastritis and nausea (Ghorbani 2005; Sharififar et al. 2010; Mikaili et al. 2011; Dolatkhahi et al. 2012; Dolatkhahi and Nabipour 2013, 2014; Amiri et al. 2014) and respiratory system disorders such as dyspnea (Mikaili et al. 2011). Infusion of leaves is used against bloating and hiccup (Mahdavi Meimand and Mirtajadini 2010; Sharififar et al. 2010; Amiri et al. 2014; Moein et al. 2015). They also serve as carminative and digestive (Moein et al. 2015). The leaves and seeds are used as a diuretic and against hyperlipidemia (Amin 2005), and the leaves are eaten to relieve abdominal pain, back pain (Mikaili et al. 2011), and joint pain (Sharififar et al. 2010). It has a positive influence on the cardiovascular system (Dolatkhahi et al. 2012). It can cause abortion (Amiri et al. 2014). In Iranian traditional medicine, the leaves and seeds are used to treat amenorrhea (missed period), menstrual cramps, dysmenorrheal problems, and impotence (Mikaili et al. 2011; Dolatkhahi and Nabipour 2013; Khajoei Nasab and Khosravi 2014), to reduce blood sugar (Sharififar et al. 2010), and to increase lactation in nursing mothers (Mahdavi Meimand and Mirtajadini 2010; Dolatkhahi and Nabipour 2013; Amiri et al. 2014). The leaves are also used to cure genitourinary system problems, for example, bladder inflammation and nephritis (kidney inflammation) (Mikaili et al. 2011).
The leaves and shoots are used for digestive system disorders (Batsatsashvili et al. 2017; Bussmann et al. 2014, 2016a, b, 2017a, b, 2018; Bussmann 2017). Similar uses are, e.g., recorded in India (Raj et al. 2018), and Anethum is known for its antibacterial properties (Malik et al. 2018).
Local Food Uses
The young shoots are used as vegetables, often as a seasoning for food and pickles.
The seeds are used as flavoring agent for liquor and as spice. Used as spice for meals but also for canning and liquor (Grossheim 1952; Sokolov 1988).
A. graveolens leaves are eaten fresh and dry as vegetable, and the leaves can be used as a condiment (Hooper et al. 1937; Mozaffarian 2013).
The seeds and leaves are an important ingredient of Svanetian salt (Batsatsashvili et al. 2017; Bussmann et al. 2014, 2016a, b, 2017a, b, 2018; Bussmann 2017). Anethum is known for its vitamin C content and used as food in Nepal (Kunwar et al. 2010) (Figs. 5 and 6).
Local Handicraft and Other Uses
The seed oil is used in soaps (Sokolov 1988).
References
Amin G. The most common medicinal plants in Iran. Tehran: Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center; 2005.
Amiri MS, Joharchi MR, TaghavizadehYazdi ME. Ethno-medicinal plants used to cure jaundice by traditional healers of Mashhad, Iran. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(1):157.
Batsatsashvili K, Kikvidze Z, Khutsishvili M, Maisaia I, Sikharulidze S, Tchelidze D, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Bussmann RW. Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium foliosum L. In: Bussmann RW, editor. Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017.
Bussmann RW, editor. Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Cham: Springer International Publishing XXVII; 2017, 746p. ISBN 978-3-319-49411-1.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua-Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Jinjikhadze T, Shanshiashvili T, Chelidze D, Batsatsashvili K, Bakanidze N. Wine, Beer, Snuff, Medicine and loss of diversity – ethnobotanical travels in the Georgian Caucasus. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2014;12:237–313.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Tchelidze D, Khutsishvili M, Batsatsashvili K, Hart RE. A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus. J Ehnobiol Ethnomed. 2016a;12:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0110-2.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Tchelidze D, Batsatsashvili K, Hart RE. Medicinal and food plants of Svaneti and Lechkhumi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Med Aromat Plants. 2016b;5:266. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000266.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Tchelidze D, Khutsishvili M, Batsatsashvili K, Hart RE. Plant and fungal use in Tusheti, Khevsureti and Pshavi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2017a;86(2):3517. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3517.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Tchelidze D, Batsatsashvili K, Hart RE. Ethnobotany of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2017b;16(1):7–24.
Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Sikharulidze S, Kikvidze Z, Kikodze D, Tchelidze D, Batsatsashvili K, Hart RE. Unequal brothers – plant and fungal use in Guria and Racha, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2018;17(1):7–33.
Dolatkhahi M, Nabipour I. Systematically study of medicinal plants in Bushehr province, Southern Iran. J Herb Drug (Int J Med Herbs). 2013;3(4):209–22.
Dolatkhahi M, Nabipour I. Ethnobotany evaluation of medicinal plants in Catchment area of Northeastern Persian Gulf. J Med Plants. 2014;2(50):129–53.
Dolatkhahi M, Ghorbani Nahouji M, Mehrafarin A, Amininejad G, Dolatkhahi A. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from Kazerun: identification, distribution and traditional uses. J Med Plants. 2012;2(42):163–78.
Ghorbani A. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran: (part 1): general results. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(1):58–68.
Grossheim AA. Plant richness of the Caucasus. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences; 1952. (in Russian).
Hooper D, Field H, Dahlgren BE. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History; 1937.
Ketskhoveli N, Kharadze A, Gagnidze R. Flora of Georgia, 16 vols. Tbilisi: Metsniereba; 1971–2011. (in Georgian).
Khajoei Nasab F, Khosravi AR. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Sirjan in Kerman Province, Iran. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;154(1):190–7.
Kunwar RM, Shrestha KP, Bussmann RW. Traditional herbal medicine in Far-west Nepal: a pharmacological appraisal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2010;6:35.
Mahdavi Meimand Z, Mirtajadini M. Collection and identification of some plant species in Kerman province for the herbarium of medicinal plants Faculty of Pharmacy (stage 1). J Herb Drug. 2010;2:1–24.
Makashvili A. Botanical dictionary. Tbilisi: Metsniereba; 1991. (in Georgian).
Malik K, Ahmad M, Bussmann RW, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Tariq A, Alqahtani A, Shahat A, Ullah R, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Nasar Shah S. Ethnobotany of hypertensive plants used in Northern areas of Pakistan. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9(789). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00789.
Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Asghari MH, Sarahroodi S, Sharifi M. Currently used traditional phytomedicines with hot nature in Iran. Ann Biol Res. 2011;2(5):56–68.
Moein M, Zarshenas MM, Khademian S, Razavi AD. Ethnopharmacological review of plants traditionally used in Darab (south of Iran). Trends Pharm Sci. 2015;1(1):39–43.
Mozaffarian V. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Tehran: Farhang Moaser; 2013.
Raj AJ, Biswakarma B, Pala NA, Shukla G, Vineeta V, Kumar M, Chakravarty S, Bussmann RW. Indigenous uses of ethno-medicinal plants among forest dependent communities of Northern Bengal, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018;14(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0208-9.
Sharififar F, Kouhpaieh A, Mottaghi MM, Amir Khosravi A, Pourmohseni Nasab E. Ethnobotanic study of medicinal plants in Sirjan, Kerman province. J Herb Drug. 2010;3:19–28.
Shishkin BK. Flora of the USSR, Volume 17: Umbelliflorae (continued) Peucedaneae-Dauceae & Nyssaceae, Cornaceae. Leningrad: Akademia Nauk; 1951 (English 1974). 285 pages, 25 plates with b/w line drawings; 2 b/w fold-out maps.
Sokolov PD, editor. Plant resources of the USSR: flowering plants, their chemical composition, use; volume 4. Families of Rutaceae-Elaeagnaceae. Leningrad: Akademia Nauk; 1988, 357 p. (in Russian).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bussmann, R.W. et al. (2020). Anethum graveolens L. Apiaceae. In: Batsatsashvili, K., Kikvidze, Z., Bussmann, R. (eds) Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Far Eastern Europe . Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28940-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28940-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28939-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28940-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences