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Halophytes: The Nonconventional Crops as Source of Biofuel Production

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Handbook of Halophytes

Abstract

Biofuels are gaining importance due to high crude oil prices, high energy demands, and global warming issues. According to the world energy council, the biofuel production will be tripled by 2030, with Brazil and the United States contributing to 80% of the total biofuel production. The use of first generation biofuels is connected with food insecurity and increase in food prices, while second generation biofuels used raw cellulosic mass from nonfood crops. The plant-based fuels are considered in renewable sources with easy growing practices and have lesser carbon emission as compared to fossil fuels. This inaugurates the possibility of using the neglected and nonconventional plant resources such as halophytes over conventional agriculture crops for biofuel production. Halophytes have great potential in the production of biofuels due to seed oil and energy-rich lignocellulosic biomass. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are some of the processing techniques which can be used for the production of biodiesel and bioethanol. Along with biodiesel and bioethanol, biochar, a carbonaceous material produced after pyrolysis of Salicornia, Atriplex, Achnatherum, Kosteletzkya, and Sesbania, has been reported for reclamation of degraded soil and increase in soil fertility. The use of biochar is a safe and economically viable system. A milestone use of these nonconventional crops has been done by Etihad Airways who operated first flight using aviation biofuels made by seed oil of Salicornia in February 2018. This review summarized the prospects of halophytic biomass in biofuel production and various application statuses all over the world such as the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-oil, syngas, and some other alternatives. The progressive direction of biofuel production from halophytes should form a trinity with agriculture, biotechnology, and chemistry so as to generate green biomass energy with cost-efficient as well as environmentally friendly aspects.

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Abbreviations

ASEAN:

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

EC:

European Commission

EROI:

Energy return on investment

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

LCA:

Life cycle analysis

Mtoe:

Millions of tons of oil equivalent

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Abhishek Joshi, Bhanupriya Kanthaliya & Jaya Arora

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  1. Abhishek Joshi
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  2. Bhanupriya Kanthaliya
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  3. Jaya Arora
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania

    Marius-Nicusor Grigore

Section Editor information

  1. Botany Department and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Munir Ozturk

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Joshi, A., Kanthaliya, B., Arora, J. (2020). Halophytes: The Nonconventional Crops as Source of Biofuel Production. In: Grigore, MN. (eds) Handbook of Halophytes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_126-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_126-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17854-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17854-3

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