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Coarctation of the Aorta

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Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care

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Abstract

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is the sixth most common congenital heart disease (CHD). It consists of a narrowing in the proximal descending aorta that encompasses a variety of severity, from a mild discrete stenosis to severe tubular hypoplasia. CoA results from abnormal ductal tissue surrounding the descending aorta and altered fetal blood flow patterns. It was one of the first successfully treated forms of CHD. There are currently several surgical and transcatheter techniques available to treat coarctation. Management strategy depends on several factors including patient age, morphology of the CoA, presence of coexisting defects, and confounding risk factors. Despite adequate relief of the stenosis, patients with CoA remain with significant long-term morbidity related to an altered blood pressure phenotype as vascular dysfunction, which underline that CoA is not a mere focal stenosis but a challenging systemic arterial disease.

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Abbreviations

AAO:

Ascending aorta

ABPM:

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

BD:

Balloon dilation

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CHD:

Congenital heart disease

CMR:

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance

CoA:

Coarctation of the aorta

CT:

Computed tomography

CV:

Cardiovascular

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

HR:

Heart rate

HTN:

Hypertension

LV:

Left ventricle

RAA:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

    José D. Martins & Conceição Trigo

  2. Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ashwin Prakash & Tal Geva

  3. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery & Transplantation, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

    José Fragata

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  1. José D. Martins
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  2. Ashwin Prakash
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  3. Conceição Trigo
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  4. José Fragata
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  5. Tal Geva
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Correspondence to José D. Martins .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Denver, School of, Aurora, CO, USA

    Eduardo M. da Cruz

  2. Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicin, Aurora, CO, USA

    Dunbar Ivy

  3. Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Pediatric Heart Center, Sankt Augustin, Germany

    Viktor Hraska

  4. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    James Jaggers

Section Editor information

  1. The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Eduardo M. da Cruz

  2. The Heart Institute, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    James Jaggers

  3. Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine The Children’s Hospital Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, USA

    James Jaggers

  4. Dept. Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Univ. of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA

    Dunbar Ivy

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Martins, J.D., Prakash, A., Trigo, C., Fragata, J., Geva, T. (2021). Coarctation of the Aorta. In: da Cruz, E.M., Ivy, D., Hraska, V., Jaggers, J. (eds) Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4999-6_27-2

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