Abstract
The increasing impact of metallic nanoparticles in life sciences has stimulated the development of new techniques and multiple improvements of the existing methods of manufacturing nanoparticles with tailored properties. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through a variety of physical and chemical methods. The choice of preparation procedure will depend on the physical and chemical characteristics required on the final product, such as size, dispersion, chemical miscibility, optical properties, among others. Here we review basic practical procedures used for the preparation of protected and unprotected metallic nanoparticles and describe a number of experimental procedures based on colloidal chemistry methods. These include gold nanoparticle synthesis by reduction with trisodium citrate, ascorbic acid, or sugars in aqueous phase; nanoparticle passivation with alkanethiols, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, or bovin serum albumin. We also describe microwave-assisted synthesis, nanoparticle synthesis in ethylene glycol, template-assisted synthesis with dendrimers and briefly describe how to control nanoparticle shape (star-shaped and branched nanoparticles).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Siegel RW (1990) Nanophase materials assembled from atomic clusters. MRS Bull 15:60–7
Phillips J, Chou CH (1992) Plasma production of metallic nanoparticles. J Mat Res 7:2107–13
Porter DA, Easterling KE (1992) Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys. CRC Press
Cao G (2004) Nanostructures and nanomaterials. Synthesis, properties and applications. Imperial College Press, London
Elechiguerra JL, Reyes-Gasga J, Jose-Yacaman M (2006) The role of twinning in shape evolution of anisotropic noble metal nanostructures. J Mat Chem 16:3906–19
Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J (1953) The Formation of Colloidal Gold. J Phys Chem 57:670–673
Kimling J, Mainer M, Okenve B, Kotaidis V, Ballot H, Plech A (2006) Turkevich method for gold nanoparticle synthesis revisited. J Phys Chem B 110(32):15700–7
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for regulation of particle-size in monodisperse gold suspension. Nat Phys Sci 241:20–2
Cademartiri L, Ozrin GA (2009) Concepts of nanochemistry. Wiley-VCH, Germany
Nadagouda MN, Varma RS (2007) A greener synthesis of core (Fe, Cu)-shell (Au, Pt, Pd, and Ag) nanocrystals using aqueous vitamin C. Cryst Growth Des 7:2582–7
Panigrahi S, Kundu S, Ghosh SK, Nath S, Pal T (2004) General method of synthesis for metal nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 6:411–4
Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin DJ, Whyman R (1994) Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid-liquid system. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 7(7):801–2
Nikoobakht B, El-Sayed MA (2003) Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (NRs) using seed-mediated growth method. Chem Mater 15:1962–75
Burt JL, Gutierrez-Wing C, Miki-Yoshida M, Jose-Yacaman M (2004) Noble-metal nanoparticles directly conjugated to globular proteins. Langmuir 20:11778–83
Vargas Hernandez C, Mariscal MM, Esparza R, Jose-Yacaman M (2010) A synthesis route of gold nanoparticles without using a reducing agent. Appl Phys Lett 96:213115–1
Kim F, Connor S, Song H, Kuykendall T, Yang P (2004) Platonic gold nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 43:3673–7
Zhao M, Crooks RM (1999) Dendrimer-encapsulated pt nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications to catalysis. Adv Mater 11:217–20
Garcia ME, Baker LA, Crooks RM (1999) Preparation and characterization of dendrimer-gold colloid nanocomposites. Anal Chem 71:256–8
Bauer LA, Birenbaum NS, Meyer GJ (2004) Biological applications of high aspect ratio nanoparticles. J Mater Chem 14:517–26
Wang H, Goodrich GP, Tam F, Oubre C, Nordlander P, Halas NJ (2005) Controlled texturing modifies the surface topography and plasmonic properties of au nanoshells. J Phys Chem B 109:11083–7
Burt JL, Elechiguerra JL, Reyes-Gasga J, Montejano-Carrizales JM, Jose-Yacamán M (2005) Beyond archimedean solids: Star polyhedral gold nanocrystals. J Cryst Growth 285:681–91
Mayoral A, Vazquez-Duran A, Heinze SG, Jose-Yacamán M (2010) Synthesis and characterization of branched gold nanoparticles. Mater Sci Forum 644:57–60
Jana NR, Gearheart L, Murphy CJ (2001) Wet chemical synthesis of high aspect ratio cylindrical gold nanorods. J Phys Chem B 105:4065–7
Chen J, Saeki F, Wiley BJ, Cang H, Cobb MJ, Li ZY et al (2005) Gold nanocages: bioconjugation and their potential use as optical imaging contrast agents. Nano Lett 5:473–7
Wei Q, Song HM, Leonov AP, Hale JA, Dongmyung Oh, Ong QK et al (2009) Gyromagnetic imaging: dynamic optical contrast using gold nanostars with magnetic cores. J Am Chem Soc 131:9728–34
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Gutiérrez-Wing, C., Velázquez-Salazar, J.J., José-Yacamán, M. (2012). Procedures for the Synthesis and Capping of Metal Nanoparticles. In: Soloviev, M. (eds) Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 906. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-952-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-953-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols