Skip to main content

In Vivo 1H-NMR Microimaging During Seed Imbibition, Germination, and Early Growth

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Seed Dormancy

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 773))

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a superior noninvasive diagnostic tool widely used in clinical medicine, with more than 60 million MRI tests performed each year worldwide. More specialized high-resolution MRI systems capable of a resolution that is 100–1,000 times higher than standard MRI instruments are used primarily in materials science, but are used with increasing frequency in plant physiology. We have shown that high-resolution 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging can provide a wealth of information about the internal anatomy of plant seeds as small as 1 mm or even smaller. This chapter covers the methods associated with these imaging techniques in detail. We also discuss the application of 1H-NMR microimaging to study in vivo seed imbibition, germination, and early seedling growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Finch-Savage WE and Leubner-Metzger G (2006) Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171, 501–23.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Obroucheva NV and Antipova OV (1997) Physiology of the initiation of seed germination. Russian J. Plant Physiol. 44, 250–64.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Manz B, Müller K, Kucera B, Volke F, and Leubner-Metzger G (2005) Water uptake and distribution in germinating tobacco seeds investigated in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Plant Physiol. 138, 1538–51.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Müller K, Tintelnot S, and Leubner-Metzger G (2006) Endosperm-limited Brassicaceae seed germination: Abscisic acid inhibits embryo-induced endosperm weakening of Lepidium sativum (cress) and endosperm rupture of cress and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 47, 864–877.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schopfer P and Plachy C (1984) Control of seed germination by abscisic acid. II. Effect on embryo water uptake in Brassica napus L. Plant Physiol. 76, 155–160.

    Google Scholar 

  6. MacFall JS and van As H (1996) Magnetic resonance imaging of plants. In: Shachar-Hill Y and Pfeffer PE, (eds). Nuclear magnetic resonance in plant biology. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, Maryland, pp. 33–76.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ratcliffe RG, In vivo NMR spectroscopy: Biochemical and physiological applications to plants, in Nuclear magnetic resonance in plant biology, Shachar-Hill Y and Pfeffer PE, Editors. 1996, American Society of Plant Biologists: Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A. p. 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schneider H, Manz B, Westhoff M, Mimietz S, Szimtenings M, Neuberger T, Faber C, Krohne G, Haase A, Volke F, and Zimmermann U (2003) The impact of lipid distribution, composition and mobility on xylem water refilling of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. New Phytol. 159, 487–505.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stark M, Manz B, Riemann I, Volke F, Weschke W, and König K (2007) Multiphoton and magnetic resonance imaging of Barley embryos: comparing micro-imaging techniques across scale and parameter barriers. Proc SPIE 6442, 644227.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Van As H (2007) Intact plant MRI for the study of cell water relations, membrane permeability, cell-to-cell and long-distance water transport. J. Exptl Bot. 58, 743–756.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Stark M, Manz B, Ehlers A, Küppers M, Riemann I, Volke F, Siebert U, Weschke W, and König K (2007) Multiparametric high-resolution imaging of barley embryos by multiphoton microscopy and magnetic resonance micro-imaging. Microscopy Research and Technique 70, 426–432.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Callaghan PT, Principles of nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy. 1991, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pouliquen D, Gross D, Lehmann V, Ducournau S, Demilly D, and Lechappe J (1997) Study of water and oil bodies in seeds by nuclear magnetic resonance. C R Acad Sci [iii] 320, 131–138.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kikuchi K, Koizumi M, Ishida N, and Kano H (2006) Water uptake by dry beans observed by micro-magnetic resonance imaging. Ann. Bot. 98, 545–53.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Koizumi M, Kikuchi K, Isobe S, Ishida N, Naito S, and Kano H (2008) Role of seed coat in imbibing soybean seeds observed by micro-magnetic resonance imaging. Ann. Bot. 102, 343–52.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Garnczarska M, Zalewski T, and Kempka M (2007) Water uptake and distribution in germinating lupine seeds studied by magnetic resonance imaging and NMR spectroscopy. Physiol. Plant. 130, 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Carrier DJ, Kendall EJ, Bock CA, Cunningham JE, and Dunstan DI (1999) Water content, lipid deposition, and (+)-abscisic acid content in developing white spruce seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 50, 1359–1364.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Terskikh VV, Feurtado JA, Ren C, Abrams SR, and Kermode AR (2005) Water uptake and oil distribution during imbibition of seeds of western pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) monitored in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Planta 221, 17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Terskikh VV, Zeng Y, Feurtado JA, Giblin M, Abrams SR, and Kermode AR (2008) Deterioration of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) seeds: protein oxidation and in vivo NMR monitoring of storage oils. J Exp. Bot 59, 765–777.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jenner CF, Xia Y, Eccles CD, and Callaghan PT (1988) Circulation of water within wheat grain revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance micro-imaging. Nature 336, 399–402.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gruwel MLH, Yin XS, Edney MJ, Schroeder SW, MacGregor AW, and Abrams S (2002) Barley viability during storage: Use of magnetic resonance as a potential tool to study viability loss. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50, 667–676.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Allen PS, Thorne ET, Gardner JS, and White DB (2000) Is the barley endosperm a water reservoir for the embryo when germinating seeds are dried? Int. J. Plant Sci. 161, 195–201.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hou JQ, Kendall EJ, and Simpson GM (1997) Water uptake and distribution in non-dormant and dormant wild oat (Avena fatua L.) caryopses. J. Exp. Bot. 48, 683–692.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Seefeldt HF, van den Berg F, Köckenberger W, and Engelsen SB (2007) Water mobility in the endosperm of high beta-glucan barley mutants as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging 25, 425–432.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ishida N, Naito S, and Kano H (2004) Loss of moisture from harvested rice seeds on MRI. Magn. Reson. Imaging 22, 871–5.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rathjen J, Strounina E, and Mares D (2009) Water movement into dormant and non-dormant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 1619–1631.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Roh MS, Bentz J-A, Wang P, Li E, and Koshioka M (2004) Maturity and temperature stratification affect the germination of Styrax japonicus seeds. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 79, 645–651.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Leubner-Metzger G (2005) β-1,3-Glucanase gene expression in low-hydrated seeds as a mechanism for dormancy release during tobacco after-ripening. Plant J. 41, 133–145.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mohapatra SC and Johnson WH (1978) Development of the tobacco seedling. 1. Relationship between moisture uptake and light sensitivity during seed germination in a flue-cured variety. Tobacco Res. 4, 41–49.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Manz B, Volke F, Goll D, and Horn H (2003) Measuring local flow velocities and biofilm structure in biofilm systems with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 84, 424–432.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Terskikh VV, Feurtado JA, Borchardt S, Giblin M, Abrams SR, and Kermode AR (2005) In vivo 13C NMR metabolite profiling: potential for understanding and assessing conifer seed quality. J. Exptl. Bot. 56, 2253–65.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Leubner-Metzger G (2002) Seed after-ripening and over-expression of class I β-1,3-glucanase confer maternal effects on tobacco testa rupture and dormancy release. Planta 215, 959–968.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is funded by a “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” (DFG LE720/6) grant awarded to G. Leubner-Metzger and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic grant to A. Kermode and others. We are grateful for the use of NMR Facilities at the Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), St. Ingbert, Germany and at the Plant Biotechnology Institute NRC, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerhard Leubner-Metzger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Terskikh, V., Müller, K., Kermode, A.R., Leubner-Metzger, G. (2011). In Vivo 1H-NMR Microimaging During Seed Imbibition, Germination, and Early Growth. In: Kermode, A. (eds) Seed Dormancy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 773. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-231-1_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-231-1_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-230-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-231-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics