Skip to main content

Evaluation of Bacterial Lipid Production: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurements: Tips and Guidelines

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Microbial Lipid Production

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1995))

  • 1281 Accesses

Abstract

Over the last decade, finding bacterial strains with ability to accumulate high concentrations of lipids has gained increasing interest, since these lipids may be used in different industries. Here we describe two methods for evaluation of lipid accumulation in cyanobacteria, following by our personal reflection on issues surrounding the use of these methods. First, we present the Bligh and Dyer protocol as a traditional extraction method using organic solvents for quantitative determination of lipids and next Nile red, a selective fluorescent stain, that has been used as a rapid approach for both qualitative and quantitative measurement of lipids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Thomson N, Summers D, Sivaniah E, Abe H, Doi Y, Taguchi S et al (2010) Synthesis, properties and uses of bacterial storage lipid granules as naturally occurring nanoparticles. Soft Matter 6:4045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu X, Sheng J, Curtiss R (2011) Fatty acid production in genetically modified cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:6899–6904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Modiri S, Hajfarajollah H, Zahiri HS, Sharafi H, Noghabi KA, Zamanzadeh Z et al (2015) Lipid production and mixotrophic growth features of cyanobacterial strains isolated from various aquatic sites. Microbiology 161:662–673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Halim R, Danquah MK, Webley PA (2012) Extraction of oil from microalgae for biodiesel production: a review. Biotechnol Adv 30:709–732

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Satpati GG, Pal R (2014) Rapid detection of neutral lipid in green microalgae by flow cytometry in combination with Nile red staining-an improved technique. Ann Microbiol 65:937–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Iverson SJ, Lang SL, Cooper MH (2001) Comparison of the Bligh and Dyer and Folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range of marine tissue. Lipids 36:1283–1287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Abdo SM, Ahmed E, El-enin SA, El Din RS, El Diwani G, Ali G (2014) Qualitative and quantitative determination of lipid content in microalgae for biofuel production. J Algal Biomass Util 5:23–28

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gikonyo B (2013) Advances in biofuel production: algae and aquatic plants. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), Boca Raton FL

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chen W, Zhang C, Song L, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q (2009) A high throughput Nile red method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae. J Microbiol Methods 77:41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Genicot G, Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Donnay I (2005) The use of a fluorescent dye, Nile red, to evaluate the lipid content of single mammalian oocytes. Theriogenology 63:1181–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Evans CT, Ratledge C, Gilbert SC (1985) A rapid screening method for lipid-accumulating yeast using a replica-printing technique. J Microbiol Methods 4:203–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. McGinnis KM, Dempster TA, Sommerfeld MR (1997) Characterization of the growth and lipid content of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. J Appl Phycol 9:19–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Castro GR, Larson BK, Panilaitis B, Kaplan DL (2005) Emulsan quantitation by Nile red quenching fluorescence assay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:767–770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lv JM, Cheng LH, Xu XH, Zhang L, Chen HL (2010) Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation conditions. Bioresour Technol 101:6797–6804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alemán-Nava GS, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Cuaresma M, Bosma R, Muylaert K, Ritmann BE et al (2016) How to us Nile red, a selective fluorescent stain for microalgal neutral lipids. J Microbiol Methods 128:74–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Castell LL, Mann R (1994) Optimal staining of lipids in bivalve larvae with Nile red. Aquaculture 119:89–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rumin J, Bonnefond H, Saint-Jean B, Rouxel C, Sciandra A, Bernard O et al (2015) The use of fluorescent Nile red and BODIPY for lipid measurement in microalgae. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Pick U, Rachutin-Zalogin T (2012) Kinetic anomalies in the interactions of Nile red with microalgae. J Microbiol Methods 88:189–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kambiz Akbari Noghabi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Modiri, S., Zahiri, H.S., Noghabi, K.A. (2019). Evaluation of Bacterial Lipid Production: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurements: Tips and Guidelines. In: Balan, V. (eds) Microbial Lipid Production. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1995. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9483-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9484-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics