Abstract
Radiation-induced chromosomal aberration analysis for metaphase chromosomes is well established and the golden standard for human biodosimetry. This method can estimate doses of human radiation exposure after nuclear accident and unwanted radiation exposure from their lymphocytes. The natural background frequency of dicentric chromosome for human lymphocytes is less than 1% and any increase in dicentric and centric ring chromosomes may be highly associated with radiation exposure. With the appropriate number of metaphase cells, one can detect the exposure of more than 0.1 Gy by observing dicentric and centric ring chromosomes. Dicentric chromosome analysis is relying on morphological changes and may be difficult for researchers without appropriate training. This method is time consuming and labor intensive, but still currently the most reliable technique and analysis needs only light microscopes with high magnification objectives and trained personnel. Recent research enables us to visualize dicentric chromosomes clearly with fluorescent markers for easy detection of dicentric and centric ring chromosomes. This chapter will introduce classical dicentric analysis of human lymphocyte cells with Giemsa staining.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Blettner M, Gilbert E, Hakama M, Hill C, Howe G, Kaldor J, Muirhead CR, Schubauer-Berigan M et al (2007) The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: estimates of radiation-related cancer risks. Radiat Res 167:396–416
Douple EB, Mabuchi K, Cullings HM, Preston DL, Kodama K, Shimizu Y, Fujiwara S, Shore RE (2011) Long-term radiation-related health effects in a unique human population: lessons learned from the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 5(Suppl 1):S122–S133
Hsu WL, Preston DL, Soda M, Sugiyama H, Funamoto S, Kodama K, Kimura A, Kamada N, Dohy H, Tomonaga M et al (2013) The incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors: 1950–2001. Radiat Res 179(3):361–382
Preston DL, Pierce DA, Shimizu Y, Cullings HM, Fujita S, Funamoto S, Kodama K (2004) Effect of recent changes in atomic bomb survivor dosimetry on cancer mortality risk estimates. Radiat Res 162:377–389
Preston DL, Shimizu Y, Pierce DA, Suyama A, Mabuchi K (2012) Studies of mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 13: solid cancer and noncancer disease mortality: 1950–1997. 2003. Radiat Res 178:AV146–AV172
Walsh L, Jacob P, Kaiser JC (2009) Radiation risk modeling of thyroid cancer with special emphasis on the Chernobyl epidemiological data. Radiat Res 172:509–518
Lindholm C, Salomaa S, Tekkel M, Paile W, Koivistoinen A, Ilus T, Veidebaum T (1996) Biodosimetry after accidental radiation exposure by conventional chromosome analysis and FISH. Int J Radiat Biol 70:647–656
Snigiryova G, Braselmann H, Salassidis K, Shevchenko V, Bauchinger M (1997) Retrospective biodosimetry of Chernobyl clean-up workers using chromosome painting and conventional chromosome analysis. Int J Radiat Biol 71:119–127
Noble PB, Cutts JH (1967) Separation of blood leukocytes by Ficoll gradient. Can Vet J 8:110–111
McLean AR, Michie CA (1995) In vivo estimates of division and death rates of human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:3707–3711
Kanda R, Jiang T, Hayata I, Kobayashi S (1994) Effects of colcemid concentration on chromosome aberration analysis in human lymphocytes. J Radiat Res 35:41–47
Norman A, Sasaki MS (1966) Chromosome-exchange aberrations in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 11:321–328
Norman A, Sasaki MS, Ottoman RE, Fingerhut AG (1966) Elimination of chromosome aberrations from human lymphocytes. Blood 27:706–714
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kato, T.A. (2019). Human Lymphocyte Metaphase Chromosome Preparation for Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberration Analysis. In: Kato, T., Wilson, P. (eds) Radiation Cytogenetics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1984. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9432-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9432-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9430-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9432-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols