Abstract
A wide range of approaches have been described to develop animal models of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). Clinical heterogeneity in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) has prompted development of different techniques to create PH models in several animal species with the objective to recapitulate specific PH/PVD phenotypes. Chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) is a clinically important phenotype of PH with a documented prevalence of 0.4–9.1% in patients with history of pulmonary embolism. A well-established large animal model of CTEPH is thus necessary for studying this disease in preclinical research. Different experimental protocols with inconsistent outcomes have been reported in the literature.
We have focused on characterizing PH large animal models in a common framework; pulmonary hemodynamics, right ventricular (RV) function, and histological characterization of PVD. This research framework allows optimal evaluation of novel diagnostic tools, as well as new therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this protocol is to describe approaches to create experimental CTEPH models using recurrent pulmonary embolizations of dextran microspheres in swine. The key features of this experimental modeling approach are (1) nonsurgical, fully percutaneous techniques, (2) a minimum of four embolization procedures, with 1–2 month time period, (3) mild to moderate PH hemodynamics (mean PA pressure increase ~20–60%), (4) severe pulmonary vascular remodeling, (5) mild RV remodeling, and (6) a high reproducibility and low mortality (<10%).
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by NIH R01 HL139963 (K.I.), HL117505, HL 119046, HL129814, 128072, HL131404, HL135093, a P50 HL112324 (R.J.H.), AHA-SDG 17SDG33410873 (K.I.), and two Transatlantic Fondation Leducq grants. We would like to acknowledge the Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. J.A. was supported by the Fundacion Alfonso Martin-Escudero. N.H. was supported by the French Federation of Cardiology.
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Aguero, J. et al. (2018). Chronic Pulmonary Artery Embolization Models in Large Animals. In: Ishikawa, K. (eds) Experimental Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1816. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_28
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_28
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