Abstract
Taking advantage of the ability for in vitro assembly of the plant-infecting virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), rod-shaped nanoscale scaffolds presenting different addressable groups can be obtained. We have established procedures resulting in virus-like particles with randomly distributed functional groups, with different groups arranged in striped but randomized structures, and even with distinct groups clustered in adjacent, better-defined domains. The TMV coat protein (CP) variants combined in these approaches can either originate all from TMV mutants propagated in planta, or be mixed with CP expressed in E. coli (CPEc). Protocols for expression and purification of a CPEc-His6 mutant in E. coli as well as the different methods for in vitro assembly and the visualization by decoration of one CP type are explained in detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fan XZ, Pomerantseva E, Gnerlich M, Brown A, Gerasopoulos K, McCarthy M, Culver J, Ghodssi R (2013) Tobacco mosaic virus: a biological building block for micro/nano/bio systems. J Vac Sci Technol A 31(5):050815. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4816584
Altintoprak K, Seidenstücker A, Welle A, Eiben S, Atanasova P, Stitz N, Plettl A, Bill J, Gliemann H, Jeske H, Rothenstein D, Geiger F, Wege C (2015) Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 6:1399–1412. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.145
Shenton W, Douglas T, Young M, Stubbs G, Mann S (1999) Inorganic-organic nanotube composites from template mineralization of tobacco mosaic virus. Adv Mater 11(3):253–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/(Sici)1521-4095(199903)11:3<253::Aid-Adma253>3.0.Co;2-7
Knez M, Bittner AM, Boes F, Wege C, Jeske H, Maiss E, Kern K (2003) Biotemplate synthesis of 3-nm nickel and cobalt nanowires. Nano Lett 3(8):1079–1082. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0342545
Zhou K, Zhang J, Wang Q (2015) Site-selective nucleation and controlled growth of gold nanostructures in tobacco mosaic virus nanotubulars. Small 11(21):2505–2509. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201401512
Geiger FC, Eber FJ, Eiben S, Mueller A, Jeske H, Spatz JP, Wege C (2013) TMV nanorods with programmed longitudinal domains of differently addressable coat proteins. Nanoscale 5(9):3808–3816. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr33724c
Holder PG, Finley DT, Stephanopoulos N, Walton R, Clark DS, Francis MB (2010) Dramatic thermal stability of virus-polymer conjugates in hydrophobic solvents. Langmuir 26(22):17383–17388. https://doi.org/10.1021/la1039305
Koch C, Wabbel K, Eber FJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Azucena C, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger F, Wege C (2015) Modified TMV particles as beneficial scaffolds to present sensor enzymes. Front Plant Sci 6:1137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01137
Bäcker M, Koch C, Eiben S, Geiger F, Eber F, Gliemann H, Poghossian A, Wege C, Schöning MJ (2017) Tobacco mosaic virus as enzyme nanocarrier for electrochemical biosensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem 238:716–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.07.096
Koch C, Eber FJ, Azucena C, Forste A, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Bittner AM, Jeske H, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger FC, Wege C (2016) Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7:613–629. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.54
Fraenkel-Conrat H, Williams RC (1955) Reconstitution of active tobacco mosaic virus from its inactive protein and nucleic acid components. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 41(10):690–698. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.41.10.690
Butler PJ (1999) Self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus: the role of an intermediate aggregate in generating both specificity and speed. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 354(1383):537–550. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0405
Kegel WK, van der Schoot P (2006) Physical regulation of the self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein. Biophys J 91(4):1501–1512. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.072603
Wu ZY, Mueller A, Degenhard S, Ruff SE, Geiger F, Bittner AM, Wege C, Krill CE (2010) Enhancing the magnetoviscosity of ferrofluids by the addition of biological nanotubes. ACS Nano 4(8):4531–4538. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn100645e
Eber FJ, Eiben S, Jeske H, Wege C (2015) RNA-controlled assembly of tobacco mosaic virus-derived complex structures: from nanoboomerangs to tetrapods. Nanoscale 7(1):344–355. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05434b
Eber FJ, Eiben S, Jeske H, Wege C (2013) Bottom-up-assembled nanostar colloids of gold cores and tubes derived from tobacco mosaic virus. Angew Chem Int Edit 52(28):7203–7207. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201300834
Kadri A, Maiss E, Amsharov N, Bittner AM, Balci S, Kern K, Jeske H, Wege C (2011) Engineered tobacco mosaic virus mutants with distinct physical characteristics in planta and enhanced metallization properties. Virus Res 157(1):35–46
Eiben S, Stitz N, Eber F, Wagner J, Atanasova P, Bill J, Wege C, Jeske H (2014) Tailoring the surface properties of tobacco mosaic virions by the integration of bacterially expressed mutant coat protein. Virus Res 180:92–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.019
Gerasopoulos K, McCarthy M, Royston E, Culver JN, Ghodssi R (2008) Nanostructured nickel electrodes using the tobacco mosaic virus for microbattery applications. J Micromech Microeng 18(10):104003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/18/10/104003
Schneider A, Eber FJ, Wenz NL, Altintoprak K, Jeske H, Eiben S, Wege C (2016) Dynamic DNA-controlled “stop-and-go” assembly of well-defined protein domains on RNA-scaffolded TMV-like nanotubes. Nanoscale 8(47):19853–19866
Green MR, Sambrook J (2012) Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual, 4th edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York
Gooding GV, Hebert TT (1967) A simple technique for purification of tobacco mosaic virus in large quantities. Phytopathology 57:1285
Fraenkel-Conrat H (1957) Degradation of tobacco mosaic virus with acetic acid. Virology 4(1):1–4
Chapman SN (1998) Tobamovirus isolation and RNA extraction. Methods Mol Biol 81:123–129. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-385-6:123
Richards KE, Williams RC (1972) Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus in vitro: effect of state of polymerization of the protein component. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 69(5):1121–1124
Bruckman MA, Soto CM, McDowell H, Liu JL, Ratna BR, Korpany KV, Zahr OK, Blum AS (2011) Role of hexahistidine in directed nanoassemblies of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein. ACS Nano 5(3):1606–1616
Hwang DJ, Roberts IM, Wilson TMA (1994) Expression of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein and assembly of pseudovirus particles in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(19):9067–9071
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Fania Geiger and Fabian Eber for establishing the protocols for sequential assembly and decoration of TMV, respectively. I am also grateful for the work of Diether Gotthardt, our gardener, and Sigrid Kober for taking care of the plants and virus isolations. Special thanks to Holger Jeske and Christina Wege for their great support and without whom there would be no plant virus nanotechnology in Stuttgart. This work was financed in part by the DFG PAK 410 and SPP1569, the Zeiss foundation, “Projekthaus” NanoBioMater as well as the Baden Württemberg Stiftung in the course of the Network of Competence “Functional Nanostructures.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Eiben, S. (2018). RNA-Directed Assembly of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)-Like Carriers with Tunable Fractions of Differently Addressable Coat Proteins. In: Wege, C., Lomonossoff, G. (eds) Virus-Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Technologies. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1776. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7808-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7808-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7806-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7808-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols