Abstract
Numerous species of plant viruses are naturally transmitted by insect vectors, mainly homopterans like aphids and whiteflies. Depending on the vector specificity and the mode of transmission, different durations of the periods for acquisition, retention, and inoculation are required for a successful transmission. Therefore, the experimental setup to perform controlled transmission experiments under laboratory conditions involves handling the vector organisms and managing the times for the different steps of the process to optimize and standardize the results. This chapter describes some basic procedures that can be applied to vector-mediated transmission experiments with selected viruses using aphids or whiteflies and different host plants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ng JC, Perry KL (2004) Transmission of plant viruses by aphid vectors. Mol Plant Pathol 5:505–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00240.x
Hull R (2014) Plant virology, 5th edn. Academic Press., ISBN 9780123848710. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384871-0.00023-6
Blackman RL, Eastop VF (2000) Aphids on the world’s crops, an identification and information guide, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester, p 466. ISBN: 978-0-471-85191-2
Hullé M, Chaubet B, Turpeau E, Simon JC (2020) Encyclop’Aphid: a website on aphids and their natural enemies. Entomol Gen. https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2019/0867
Stansly PA, Naranjo SE (2010) Bemisia: bionomics and management of a global pest. Springer., ISBN 978-90-481-2459-6, p 540. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2460-2
Wang XW, Li P, Liu SS (2017) Whitefly interactions with plants. Curr Opin Insect Sci 19:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.02.001
Chase O, Ferriol I, López-Moya JJ (2021) Control of plant pathogenic viruses through interference with insect transmission. In: Gaur RK, Paul Khurana SM, Sharma P, Hohn T (eds) Plant virus-host interaction: molecular approaches and viral evolution, 2nd edn, pp 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821629-3.00019-1
Roossinck MJ, Martin DP, Roumagnac P (2015) Plant virus metagenomics: advances in virus discovery. Phytopathology 105:716–727. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-14-0356-RVW
Hou W, Li S, Massart S (2020) Is there a “biological desert” with the discovery of new plant viruses? A retrospective analysis for new fruit tree viruses. Front Microbiol 11:592816. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.592816. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-327550-9.50018-5
Ng JC, Zhou JS (2015) Insect vector-plant virus interactions associated with non-circulative, semi-persistent transmission: current perspectives and future challenges. Curr Opin Virol 15:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2015.07.006
Gallet R, Michalakis Y, Blanc S (2018) Vector-transmission of plant viruses and constraints imposed by virus-vector interactions. Curr Opin Virol 33:144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.005
Jia D, Chen Q, Mao Q, Zhang X, Wu W, Chen H, Yu X, Wang Z, Wei T (2018) Vector mediated transmission of persistently transmitted plant viruses. Curr Opin Virol 28:127–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.12.004
Wang XW, Blanc S (2021) Insect transmission of plant single-stranded DNA viruses. Annu Rev Entomol 66:389–405. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060920-094531
Polston JE, Capobianco H (2013) Transmitting plant viruses using whiteflies. J Vis Exp JoVE 81:e4332. https://doi.org/10.3791/4332
Pirone T (1964) Discussion and preliminary reports. Aphid transmission of a purified stylet-borne virus acquired through a membrane. Virology 23:107–108
Kunkel H (1977) Membrane feeding systems in aphid research. In: Harris KF, Maramorosch K (eds) Aphids as virus vectors. Academic Press, pp 311–338. ISBN: 9781483273884
Govier DA, Kassanis B (1974) Evidence that a component other than the virus particle is needed for aphid transmission of potato virus Y. Virology 57:285–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(74)90129-9
Pirone TP, Blanc S (1996) Helper-dependent vector transmission of plant viruses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 34:227–247. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.34.1.227
Leh V, Jacquot E, Geldreich A, Hermann T, Leclerc D, Cerutti M, Yot P, Keller M, Blanc S (1999) Aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus requires the viral PIII protein. EMBO J 18:7077–7085. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.24.7077
Adams MJ, Antoniw JF (2006) DPVweb: a comprehensive database of plant and fungal virus genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 34(Database issue):D382–D385. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj023
Fereres A, Moreno A (2009) Behavioural aspects influencing plant virus transmission by homopteran insects. Virus Res 141:158–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.020
Ontiveros I, López-Moya JJ, Díaz-Pendón JA (2022) Coinfection of tomato plants with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato chlorosis virus affects the interaction with host and whiteflies. Phytopathology 112:944–952. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0341-R
Goytia E, Fernández-Calvino L, Martínez-García B, López-Abella D, López-Moya JJ (2006) Production of plum pox virus HC-Pro functionally active for aphid transmission in a transient-expression system. J Gen Virol 87:3413–3423. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82301-0
Acknowledgments
The authors’ work at CRAG and IHSM has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 101000570, Project VIRTIGATION, and from Grants PID2019-105692RB-100 and CEX2019-000902-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. I.O. was supported by grant BES-2017-080808 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.” The authors thank Clara Ontañón for her assistance in capturing the photographs featured in the figures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ontiveros, I., Diaz-Pendón, J.A., López-Moya, J.J. (2024). Experimental Transmission of Plant Viruses by Aphids or Whiteflies. In: Fontes, E.P., Mäkinen, K. (eds) Plant-Virus Interactions. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2724. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3484-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3485-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols