Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plant Sampling for Production of Essential Oil and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Plant Pathology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2536))

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) and oleoresins are complex mixtures mainly made up of terpenes, synthesized by a wide variety of plants. Individual terpenes may show broad-spectrum activity against different plant pathogens, and their combination into EO and oleoresin mixtures enhances plant chemical defense. The interest in EOs has significantly increased due to the trend of using natural products as herbicides, insecticidal and antimicrobial agents. In addition, the use of plant mixtures is an emerging approach to face the problem of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture. This chapter reports guidelines about plant sample collection for the production of EOs and provides protocols to test their activity as antimicrobial agents against bacteria and fungi. It also describes a solvent-free method for the inclusion of EOs into β-cyclodextrins. This type of formulate is prepared to turn liquid EOs into easily manageable water-soluble powders, and to control the release of volatile compounds, aiming to increase EOs' applications in agriculture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dhifi W, Bellili S, Jazi S et al (2016) Essential oils’ chemical characterization and investigation of some biological activities: a critical review. Medicines (Basel) 3:25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhou F, Pichersky E (2020) More is better: the diversity of terpene metabolism in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 55:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Langenheim JH (1994) Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles. J Chem Ecol 20(6):1223–1280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Croteau R, Kutchan TM, Lewis NG (2000) Secondary metabolites – Chap 24. In: Biochemistry & molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, pp 1250–1318

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hartmann T (1996) Diversity and variability of plant secondary metabolism: a mechanistic view. Entomol Exp Appl 80:177–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gershenzon J, Dudareva N (2007) The function of terpene natural products in the natural world. Nat Chem Biol 3:408–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Franz C, Novak J (2010) Sources of essential oils. In: Baser KHC, Buchbauer G (eds) Handbook of essential oils: science, technology, and applications. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 39–82

    Google Scholar 

  8. Phillips MA, Croteau RB (1999) Resin-based defenses in conifers. Trends Plant Sci 4:184–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cates RG (1996) The role of mixtures and variation in the production of terpenoids in conifer-insect-pathogen interactions. In: Romeo JT, Saunders JA, Barbosa P (eds) Phytochemical diversity and redundancy in ecological interactions. Recent advances in phytochemistry, vol 30. Springer, Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1754-6_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Mehdizadeh L, Moghaddam M (2018) Essential oils: biological activity and therapeutic potential. In: Therapeutic, probiotic, and unconventional foods. Academic Press, pp 167–179

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Dagli N, Dagli R, Mahmoud RS et al (2015) Essential oils, their therapeutic properties, and implication in dentistry: a review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 5(5):335–340. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.165933

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Edris AE (2007) Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother Res 21(4):308–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Knobloch K, Pauli A, Iberl B et al (1989) Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oil components. J Essent Oil Res 1(3):119–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ghavam M, Manca ML, Manconi M et al (2020) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from leaves and flowers of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. Sci Rep 10(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rossiter SE, Fletcher MH, Wuest WM (2017) Natural products as platforms to overcome antibiotic resistance. Chem Rev 117(19):12415–12474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Salem N, Kefi S, Tabben O, Ayed A, Jallouli S, Feres N, Hammami M, Khammassi S, Hrigua I, Nefisi S, Sghaier A, Limam S, Elkahoui S (2018) Variation in chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil under phenological stages and evidence synergism with antimicrobial standards. Ind Crop Prod 124:115–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Omonijo FA, Ni L, Gong J et al (2018) Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production. Anim Nutr 4:126–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Isman MB (2000) Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot 19:603–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kotan R, Dadasoĝlu F, Karagoz K et al (2013) Antibacterial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Satureja hortensis against plant pathogenic bacteria and their potential use as seed disinfectants. Sci Hortic 153:34–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. De Mastro G, El Mahdi J, Ruta C (2021) Bioherbicidal potential of the essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae for weed control in organic farming. Plants (Basel) 10:818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mena P, Galindo A, Collado-González J et al (2013) Sustained deficit irrigation affects the colour and phytochemical characteristics of pomegranate juice. J Sci Food Agric 93:1922–1927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Menicucci F, Michelozzi M, Raio A et al (2021) Thymol-loaded lipid nanovectors from the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. as potential antibacterial agents. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 32:101962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sarwar M, Salman M (2015) Toxicity of oils formulation as a new useful tool in crop protection for insect pests control. Int J Chem Biomol Sci 1:297–302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sharma A, Dubey S, Iqbal N (2020) Microemulsion formulation of botanical oils as an efficient tool to provide sustainable agricultural Pest management. In: Nano-and microencapsulation-techniques and applications. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91788

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Tanovic B, Gasic S, Hrustic J et al (2013) Development of a thyme essential oil formulation and its effect on Monilinia fructigena. Pestic Phytomed (Belgrade) 28(4):273–280. https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1304273T

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wadhwa G, Kumar S, Chhabra L et al (2017) Essential oil–cyclodextrin complexes: an updated review. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 89:39–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Squillace AE (1976) Analyses of monoterpenes of conifers by gas-liquid chromatography. In: Miksche JP (ed) Modern methods in forest genetics. Proceedings in life sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  28. Akbar S (2020) Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae). In: Handbook of 200 medicinal plants. Springer, Cham, pp 1753–1761

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Hanover JW (1992) Applications of terpene analysis in forest genetics. New For 6(1–4):159–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Baradat P, Marpeau A, Walter J (1991) Terpene markers. In: Muller-Starck G, Ziehe M (eds) Genetic variation in European populations of forest trees. Sauerlander’s Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, pp 40–66

    Google Scholar 

  31. Barbero F, Maffei M (2016) Biodiversity and chemotaxonomic significance of specialized metabolites. In: Plant specialized metabolism. CRC Press, pp 35–76

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nikolić JS, Zlatković BK, Jovanović S et al (2021) Needle volatiles as chemophenetic markers in differentiation of natural populations of Abies alba, A. x borisii-regis, and A. cephalonica. Phytochemistry 183:112612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Michelozzi M, Tognetti R, Maggino F et al (2008) Seasonal variations in monoterpene profiles and ecophysiological traits in Mediterranean pine species of group “halepensis”. iForest Biogeosci For 1(1):65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. EUCAST Definitive Document (1998) Methods for the determination of susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Terminology. Clin Microbiol Infect 4:291–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Acheampong A, Borquaye LS, Acquaah SO et al (2015) Antimicrobial activities of some leaves and fruit peels hydrosols. Int J Chem Biomol Sci 1:158–162

    Google Scholar 

  36. Di Vito M, Bellardi MG, Mondello F et al (2019) Monarda citriodora hydrolate vs essential oil comparison in several anti-microbial applications. Ind Crop Prod 128:206–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Council, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, (CNR-ICCOM), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Felicia Menicucci & Andrea Ienco

  2. National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, (CNR-IBBR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Eleonora Palagano, Gabriele Cencetti & Marco Michelozzi

  3. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Aida Raio & Nicola Luchi

Authors
  1. Felicia Menicucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eleonora Palagano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aida Raio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gabriele Cencetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nicola Luchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Andrea Ienco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Marco Michelozzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Michelozzi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Nicola Luchi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Menicucci, F. et al. (2022). Plant Sampling for Production of Essential Oil and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro. In: Luchi, N. (eds) Plant Pathology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2536. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2516-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2517-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation