Abstract
Proteoform Suite is an interactive software program for the identification and quantification of intact proteoforms from mass spectrometry data. Proteoform Suite identifies proteoforms observed by intact-mass (MS1) analysis. In intact-mass analysis, unfragmented experimental proteoforms are compared to a database of known proteoform sequences and to one another, searching for mass differences corresponding to well-known post-translational modifications or amino acids. Intact-mass analysis enables proteoforms observed in the MS1 data without MS/MS (MS2) fragmentation to be identified. Proteoform Suite further facilitates the construction and visualization of proteoform families, which are the sets of proteoforms derived from individual genes. Bottom-up peptide identifications and top-down (MS2) proteoform identifications can be integrated into the Proteoform Suite analysis to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the analysis. Proteoform Suite is open source and freely available at https://github.com/smith-chem-wisc/proteoform-suite.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Smith LM, Kelleher NL, Consortium for Top Down Proteomics (2013) Proteoform: a single term describing protein complexity. Nat Methods 10(3):186–187. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2369
Shortreed MR, Frey BL, Scalf M, Knoener RA, Cesnik AJ, Smith LM (2016) Elucidating proteoform families from proteoform intact-mass and lysine-count measurements. J Proteome Res 15(4):1213–1221. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01090
Cai W, Tucholski TM, Gregorich ZR, Ge Y (2016) Top-down proteomics: technology advancements and applications to heart diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 13(8):717–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2016.1209414
Chen B, Brown KA, Lin Z, Ge Y (2018) Top-down proteomics: ready for prime time? Anal Chem 90(1):110–127. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04747
Toby TK, Fornelli L, Kelleher NL (2016) Progress in top-down proteomics and the analysis of proteoforms. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto, Calif) 9(1):499–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041550
Cesnik AJ, Shortreed MR, Schaffer LV, Knoener RA, Frey BL, Scalf M, Solntsev SK, Dai Y, Gasch AP, Smith LM (2018) Proteoform Suite: software for constructing, quantifying, and visualizing proteoform families. J Proteome Res 17(1):568–578. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00685
Schaffer LV, Shortreed MR, Cesnik AJ, Frey BL, Solntsev SK, Scalf M, Smith LM (2018) Expanding proteoform identifications in top-down proteomic analyses by constructing proteoform families. Anal Chem 90(2):1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04221
Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13(11):2498–2504. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303
Smoot ME, Ono K, Ruscheinski J, Wang PL, Ideker T (2011) Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization. Bioinformatics 27(3):431–432. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq675
Toby TK, Fornelli L, Kristina S, DeHart CJ, Fellers RT (2019) A comprehensive pipeline for translational top-down proteomics from a single blood draw. Nat Protoc 14:119–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0085-7
Donnelly DP, Rawlins CM, DeHart CJ, Fornelli L, Schachner LF, Lin Z, Lippens JL, Aluri KC, Sarin R, Chen B, Lantz C, Jung W, Johnson KR, Koller A, Wolff JJ, Campuzano IDG, Auclair JR, Ivanov AR, Whitelegge JP, Pasa-Tolic L, Chamot-Rooke J, Danis PO, Smith LM, Tsybin YO, Loo JA, Ge Y, Kelleher NL, Agar JN (2019) Best practices and benchmarks for intact protein analysis for top-down mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 16(7):587–594. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0457-0
Jeong K, Kim J, Gaikwad M, Hidayah SN, Heikaus L, Schluter H, Kohlbacher O (2020) FLASHDeconv: ultrafast, high-quality feature deconvolution for top-down proteomics. Cell Syst 10(2):213–218 e216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2020.01.003
Dai Y, Shortreed MR, Scalf M, Frey BL, Cesnik AJ, Solntsev S, Schaffer LV, Smith LM (2017) Elucidating Escherichia coli proteoform families using intact-mass proteomics and a global PTM discovery database. J Proteome Res 16(11):4156–4165. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00516
Dai Y, Buxton KE, Schaffer LV, Miller RM, Millikin RJ, Scalf M, Frey BL, Shortreed MR, Smith LM (2019) Constructing human proteoform families using intact-mass and top-down proteomics with a multi-protease global post-translational modification discovery database. J Proteome Res 18(10):3671–3680. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00339
Li Q, Shortreed MR, Wenger CD, Frey BL, Schaffer LV, Scalf M, Smith LM (2017) Global post-translational modification discovery. J Proteome Res 16(4):1383–1390. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00034
LeDuc RD, Fellers RT, Early BP, Greer JB, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL (2014) The C-score: a Bayesian framework to sharply improve proteoform scoring in high-throughput top down proteomics. J Proteome Res 13(7):3231–3240. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr401277r
Solntsev SK, Shortreed MR, Frey BL, Smith LM (2018) Enhanced global post-translational modification discovery with MetaMorpheus. J Proteome Res 17(5):1844–1851. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00873
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R35GM126914. LVS was supported by the NIH Biotechnology Training Program, T32GM008349.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Schaffer, L.V., Shortreed, M.R., Smith, L.M. (2022). Proteoform Analysis and Construction of Proteoform Families in Proteoform Suite. In: Sun, L., Liu, X. (eds) Proteoform Identification. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2500. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2325-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2325-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2324-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2325-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols