Abstract
In recent years, the convergence of multiple technologies and experimental approaches has led to the expanded use of cultured Drosophila cells as a model system. Their ease of culture and maintenance, susceptibility to RNA interference, and imaging characteristics have led to extensive use in both traditional experimental approaches and high-throughput RNAi screens. Here we describe Drosophila S2 cell culture and preparation for live-cell and fixed-cell fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Schneider I (1972) Cell lines derived from late embryonic stages of Drosophila melanogaster. J Embryol Exp Morphol 27:353–365
Somma MP, Fasulo B, Cenc G, Cundari E, Gatti M (2002) Molecular dissection of cytokinesis by RNAi interference in drosophila tissue culture cells. Mol Biol Cell 13:2448–2460
Pearson AM, Baksa K, Rämet M, Protas M, McKee M, Brown D, Ezekowitz RA (2003) Identification of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins required for efficient phagocytosis in drosophila. Microbes Infect 10:815–824
Kiger AA, Baum B, Jones S, Jones MR, Coulson A, Echeverri C, Perrimon N (2003) A functional genomic analysis of cell morphology using RNA interference. J Biol 2:27
Rogers SL, Wiedemann U, Stuurman N, Vale RD (2003) Molecular requirements for actin-based lamella formation in drosophila S2 cells. J Cell Biol 162:1079–1088
Eggert US, Kiger AA, Richter C, Perlman ZE, Perrimon N, Mitchison TJ, Field CM (2004) Parallel chemical genetic and genome-wide RNAi screens identify cytokinesis inhibitors and targets. PLoS Biol 12:e379
Goshima G, Wollman R, Goodwin SS, Zhang N, Scholey JM, Vale RD, Stuurman N (2007) Genes required for mitotic spindle assembly in drosophila S2 cells. Science 316:417–421
D'Ambrosio MV, Vale RD (2010) A whole genome RNAi screen of drosophila S2 cell spreading performed using automated computational image analysis. J Cell Biol 191:471–479
Moutinho-Pereira S, Stuurman N, Afonso O, Hornsveld M, Aguiar P, Goshima G, Vale RD, Maiato H (2013) Genes involved in centrosome-independent mitotic spindle assembly in drosophila S2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:19808–19813
Toret CP, D'Ambrosio MV, Vale RD, Simon MA, Nelson WJ (2014) A genome-wide screen identifies conserved protein hubs required for cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 201:265–279
Caplen NJ, Fleenor J, Fire A, Morgan RA (2000) dsRNA-mediated gene silencing in cultured drosophila cells: a tissue culture model for the analysis of RNA interference. Gene 252:95–105
Rogers SL, Rogers GC (2008) Culture of drosophila S2 cells and their use for RNAi-mediated loss-of-function studies and immunofluorescence microscopy. Nat Protoc 3:606–611
Adams MD et al (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287:2185–2195
Reiter LT, Potocki L, Chien S, Gribskov M, Bier E (2001) A systematic analysis of human disease-associated gene sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Res 11:1114–1125
Beir E (2005) Drosophila, the golden bug, emerges as a tool for human genetics. Nat Rev Genet 39:715–720
Rogers SL, Rogers GC, Sharp DJ, Vale RD (2002) Drosophila EB1 is important for proper assembly, dynamics, and positioning of the mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol 158:873–884
Kner P, Chhun BB, Griffis ER, Winoto L, Gustafsson MG (2009) Super-resolution video microscopy of live cells by structured illumination. Nat Methods 6:339–342
Iwasa JH, Mullins RD (2007) Spatial and temporal relationships between actin-filament nucleation, capping, and disassembly. Curr Biol 17:395–406
Uehara R, Goshima G, Mabuchi I, Vale RD, Spudich JA, Griffis ER (2010) Determinants of myosin II cortical localization during cytokinesis. Curr Biol 20:1080–1085
Biyasheva A, Svitkina T, Kunda P, Baum B, Borisy G (2004) Cascade pathway of filopodia formation downstream of SCAR. J Cell Sci 117:837–884
Kim JH, Cho A, Yin H, Schafer DA, Mouneimne G, Simpson KJ, Nguyen KV, Brugge JS, Montell DJ (2011) Psidin, a conserved protein that regulates protrusion dynamics and cell migration. Genens Dev 25:730–741
Bai SW, Herrera-Abreu MT, Rohn JL, Racine V, Tajadura V, Suryavanshi N, Bechtel S, Wiemann S, Baum B, Ridley AJ (2011) Identification and characterization of a set of conserved and new regulators of cytoskeletal organization, cell morphology and migration. BMC Biol 9:54
Maiat H, Sampaio P, Lemos CL, Findlay J, Carmena M, Earnshaw WC, Sunkel CE (2002) MAST/orbit has a role in microtubule-kinetochore attachment and is essential for chromosome alignment and maintenance of spindle bipolarity. J Cell Biol 157:749–760
Logarinho E, Bousbaa H, Dias JM, Lopes C, Amorim I, Antunes-Martins A, Sunkel CE (2004) Different spindle checkpoint proteins monitor microtubule attachment and tension at kinetochores in drosophila cells. J Cell Sci 117:1757–1771
Maiato H, Rieder CL, Khodjakov A (2004) Kinetochore-driven formation of kinetochore fibers contribute to spindle assembly during animal mitosis. J Cell Biol 167:831–840
Goshima G, Nédélec F, Vale RD (2005) Mechanisms for focusing mitotic spindle poles by minus end-directed motor proteins. J Cell Biol 171:229–240
Maiato H, Hergert PJ, Moutinho-Pereira S, Dong Y, Vandenbeldt KJ, Rieder CL, McEwe BF (2006) The ultrastructure of the kinetochore and kinetochore fiber in drosophila somatic cells. Chromosoma 115:469–480
Griffis ER, Stuurman N, Vale RD (2007) Spindly, a novel protein essential for silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint, recruits dynein to the kinetochore. J Cell Biol 117:1005–1015
Zhang D, Rogers GC, Buster DW, Sharp DJ (2007) Three microtubule severing enzymes contribute to the "Pacman-flux" machinery that moves chromosomes. J Cell Biol 177:231–242
Maresca TJ, Salmon ED (2009) Intrakinetochore stretch is associated with changes in kinetochore phosphorylation and spindle assembly checkpoint activity. J Cell Biol 184:373–381
Rogers GC, Rusan NM, Peifer M, Rogers SL (2008) A multicomponent assembly pathway contributes to the formation of acentrosomal microtubule arrays in interphase drosophila cells. Mol Biol Cell 19:3163–3178
Rogers SL, Wiedemann U, Häcker U, Turck C, Vale RD (2004) Drosophila RhoGEF2 associates with microtubule plus ends in an EB1-dependent manner. Curr Biol 14:1827–1833
Mennella V, Rogers GC, Rogers SL, Buster DW, Vale RD, Sharp DJ (2005) Functionally distinct kinesin-13 family members cooperate to regulate microtubule dynamics during interphase. Nat Cell Biol 7:235–245
Goodwin SS, Vale RD (2010) Patronin regulates the microtubule network by protecting microtubule minus ends. Cell 143:263–274
Rothenberg ME, Rogers SL, Vale RD, Jan LY, Jan YN (2003) Drosophila pod-1 crosslinks both actin and microtubules and controls the targeting of axons. Neuron 39:779–791
Applewhite DA, Grode KD, Keller D, Zadeh AD, Slep KC, Rogers SL (2010) The spectraplakin short stop is an actin-microtubule cross-linker that contributes to organization of the microtubule network. Mol Biol Cell 21:1714–1724
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Applewhite, D.A., Lacy, C.A., Griffis, E.R., Quintero-Carmona, O.A. (2022). Imaging of the Cytoskeleton Using Live and Fixed Drosophila Tissue Culture Cells. In: Gavin, R.H. (eds) Cytoskeleton . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2364. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1660-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1661-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols