摘要
本文首先简单回顾了电解水的发展历史以及碱性和酸性条 件下电解水的电极材料特点. 对于碱性条件下的电解水, 电极材料 以过渡金属氧化物为主. 近年来, 人们对于过渡金属氧化物的析氧 反应开展了大量的研究, 特别关注钙钛矿、尖晶石、氧氢氧化物 等催化剂. 析氧反应条件苛刻, 一些氧化物催化剂会发生表面重构, 转化为过渡金属氧氢氧化物. 因此, 对这些氧化物来讲, 真正的催化 剂表面是一个氧氢氧化物的表面. 另一方面, 一些氧化物在析氧反 应中表现出较强的稳定性, 一般认为这些氧化物的表面不会发生 重构, 因而没有氧氢氧化物的生成. 一些已知的基于氧化物结构的 活性描述参数也对该观点提供了实验和理论支持. 最后, 本文提出 尚待回答的一个问题: 在析氧反应中是否所有的过渡金属氧化物 都会发生表面重构而生成一个氧氢氧化物的表面? 不管以上问题 的答案是什么, 该如何设计预催化剂实现重构后的高活性表面将 成为未来关注的热点之一.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 2 (MOE2017-T2-1-009) and Singapore National Research Foundation under its Campus for Research Excellence And Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programme, through Singapore Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE), Cambridge Center for Carbon Reduction in Chemical Technology (C4T), and eCO2EP programmes. The author thanks Dr. Shengnan Sun for proof reading.
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Zhichuan J. Xu is an associate professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He received the PhD training from Lanzhou University, Institute of Physics (CAS), and Brown University. He worked at the State University of New York at Binghamton as a research associate and then in Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral researcher in the Electrochemical Energy Lab. His major research interests are electrocatalysis and energy storage materials.
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Xu, Z.J. Transition metal oxides for water oxidation: All about oxyhydroxides?. Sci. China Mater. 63, 3–7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-9588-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-9588-5