Abstract
As a novel method for fast depth profile analysis of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is introduced, and the effects of laser wavelength on depth resolution are investigated. From LIBS analysis of a commercial CIGS solar cell using an ultraviolet (λ = 266 nm) and a visible (λ = 532 nm) nanosecond Nd: YAG lasers and an intensified charge-coupled device spectrometer, it is shown that the use of a shorter wavelength laser does not guarantee an enhancement of depth resolution. Although the averaged ablation depth per pulse was smaller for the ultraviolet laser, the craters produced by the visible laser was much smoother and more uniform, demonstrating that depth resolution depends not only on laser wavelength but also strongly on the ablation mechanisms.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Jackson, P., Hariskos, D., Lotter, E., Paetel, S., Wuerz, R., et al., “New World Record Efficiency for Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells beyond 20%,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 894–897, 2011.
Lundberg, O., Bodegård, M., Malmström, J., and Stolt, L., “Influence of the Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thickness and Ga Grading on Solar Cell Performance,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 77–88, 2003.
Kim, T.-W., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, D.-H., and Pahk, H.-J., “Ultra-Short Laser Patterning of Thin-Film Cigs Solar Cells through Glass Substrate,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 1287–1292, 2013.
Jackson, P., Hariskos, D., Wuerz, R., Kiowski, O., Bauer, A., et al., “Properties of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Solar Cells with New Record Efficiencies Up to 21.7%,” Physica Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 28–31, 2015.
Gloeckler, M. and Sites, J., “Band-Gap Grading in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Solar Cells,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 66, No. 11, pp. 1891–1894, 2005.
Ishizuka, S., Yamada, A., Islam, M. M., Shibata, H., Fons, P., et al., “Na-Induced Variations in the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thin Films,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 106, No. 3, Paper No. 034908, 2009.
Jeong, Y., Kim, C.-W., Park, D.-W., Jung, S. C., Lee, J., et al., “Field Modulation in Na-Incorporated Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) Polycrystalline Films Influenced by Alloy-Hardening and Pair-Annihilation Probabilities,” Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1–6, 2011.
Schleussner, S. M., Törndahl, T., Linnarsson, M., Zimmermann, U., Wätjen, T., et al., “Development of Gallium Gradients in Three-Stage Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Co-Evaporation Processes,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 284–293, 2012.
Schmitt, S. W., Venzago, C., Hoffmann, B., Sivakov, V., Hofmann, T., et al., “Glow Discharge Techniques in the Chemical Analysis of Photovoltaic Materials,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 371–382, 2014.
Caballero, R., Maffiotte, C., and Guillen, C., “Preparation and Characterization of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films Obtained by Sequential Evaporations and Different Selenization Processes,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 474, No. 1–2, pp. 70–76, 2005.
In, J.-H., Kim, C.-K., Lee, S.-H., Shim, H.-S., and Jeong, S., “Quantitative Analysis of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films with Fluctuation of Operational Parameters Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,” Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 890–900, 2013.
Kim, C.-K., In, J.-H., Lee, S.-H., and Jeong, S., “Influence of Ar Buffer Gas on the Libs Signal of Thin Cigs Films,” Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 460–467, 2013.
Lee, S., Kim, C., In, J., Kim, D., Ham, H., et al., “Nd: Yag Laser Ablation Characteristics of Thin Cigs Solar Cell Films,” Applied Physics B, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 403–409, 2013.
Lee, S., Kim, C., In, J., Shim, H., and Jeong, S., “Selective Removal of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Absorber Layer with No Edge Melting Using a Nanosecond Nd: YAG Laser,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 46, No. 10, Paper No. 105502, 2013.
Kim, C. K., Lee, S. H., In, J. H., Lee, H. J., and Jeong, S., “Depth Profiling Analysis of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Absorber Layer by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Atmospheric Conditions,” Optics Express, Vol. 21, No. 106, pp. A1018–A1027, 2013.
Vadillo, J. M., García, C. C., Palanco, S., and Laserna, J. J., “Nanometric Range Depth-Resolved Analysis of Coated-Steels Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry with a 308 nm Collimated Beam,” Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 793–797, 1998.
Lee, J.-H., Lee, W.-J., Shin, D.-J., Daavasuren, G., and Chun, D.-M., “Energy Saving in Line Patterning Using Pulse Laser by Reducing Overlapping Rate with Rectangular Beam Shape,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 985–988, 2013.
Mateo, M., Piñon, V., Anglos, D., and Nicolas, G., “Effect of Ambient Conditions on Ultraviolet Femtosecond Pulse Laser Induced Breakdown Spectra,” Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 74, pp. 18–23, 2012.
Wada, T., Kohara, N., Nishiwaki, S., and Negami, T., “Characterization of the Cu (In, Ga) Se2/Mo Interface in CIGS Solar Cells,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 387, No. 1, pp. 118–122, 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, JH., Moon, Y., Lee, SH. et al. Wavelength dependence of the ablation characteristics of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 solar cell films and its effects on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 3, 167–171 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-016-0021-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-016-0021-7