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Therapeutic Use of Human Amnion-Derived Products: Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Disease

  • Application of Stem Cells in Endoderm Derivatives section (K Si-Tayeb and G Sullivan, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Pathobiology Reports

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Since the early 20th century, the placenta has started to regain its status as tissue with great potential in regenerative medicine. In particular, cells isolated from the fetal membrane, amnion epithelial cells (AEC), have been described for their proficient capacity to support regeneration at several organs, primarily the liver.

Recent Findings

The investigation on regenerative and corrective potential of human AEC has been conducted on relevant preclinical models, showing a satisfactory level of liver regeneration and correction of inborn error of metabolism. When sufficient numbers of proficient cells are engrafted, phenotypic correction of a disease or at least conversion of a life-threatening disease into a milder and more manageable form is attained.

Summary

Human AEC transplantation offers several advantages in liver cell-based approaches: AEC can be easily isolated by a wide array of donors; isolation and cryopreservation procedures commonly result in a high viability batch of cells, potentially “off the shelf” in every major medical center worldwide; AEC showed satisfactory levels of expression for multiple hepatic features when transplanted, and have been referred to as “immune-privileged” cells since they do not elicit a strong immune response once infused. Finally, unlike other stem cells, human AEC do not have the potential to form any kind of tumor once transplanted. Future and ongoing clinical studies are fundamental to unveil the true power of these immune-privileged cells that might dramatically change regenerative medicine applications.

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, F56, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, Huddinge, 141 83, Stockholm, Sweden

    Roberto Gramignoli

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Gramignoli, R. Therapeutic Use of Human Amnion-Derived Products: Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Disease. Curr Pathobiol Rep 4, 157–167 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-016-0112-8

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