Abstract
Haloacetic acids are disinfection by-products formed during oxidation of natural water. In this study, linear and nonlinear models were developed based on field-scale investigations. These statistical models were applied to predict the formation of haloacetic acids in the treated water. Pearson’s correlation was used to check significance of raw water determinants at the probability of 0.05. Multiple forward stepwise regression method was used to develop these models which were then validated using another set of results from the identical source. These predicted results show that linear model was better fit than nonlinear model. A plot of predicted and measured values showed that the Pearson’s coefficient and the slope were in good agreement. The developed models can thus be used to reduce the occurrence of haloacetic acids in treated water by means of regulating the raw water quality used for the treatment plant.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- BCAA:
-
Bromochloroacetic acid
- DBAA:
-
Dibromoacetic acid
- DBP:
-
Disinfection by-products
- DCAA:
-
Dichloroacetic acids
- DCBAA:
-
Dichlorobromoacetic acid
- HAAs:
-
Haloacetic acids
- MAPE:
-
Mean absolute percentage error
- MCAA:
-
Monochloroacetic acid
- MSEP:
-
Mean square error in prediction
- NOM:
-
Natural organic matters
- SPSS:
-
Statistical package for social science
- SWTP:
-
Semenyih water treatment plant
- SWTPR:
-
Semenyih water treatment plant resource
- TCAA:
-
Trichloroacetic acid
- THMs:
-
Trihalomethanes
- TOC:
-
Total organic carbon
References
Rook J.J.: Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural water. Water Treat. Exam 23, 234–243 (1974)
Loper J.C.: Mutagenic effects of organic compounds in drinking water. Mutat. Res. 76, 241–268 (1980)
Waseem S., Abdullah P.: SPE-GC-MS method for determination of halogenated acids in drinking water. Chromatographia 69, 1447–1451 (2009)
Elshorbagy W.E., Abu-Qadais H., Elsheamy M.K.: Simulation of THM species in water distribution system. Water Res. 34, 3431–3439 (2000)
Sadiq R., Rodriguez M.J.: Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water system and predictive models for their occurrence. Sci. Total Environ. 321, 21–46 (2004)
Rodriguez M.J., Vinette Y., Serodes J.B., Bouchard C.: Trihalomethanes in drinking water of greater Quebec region (Canada): occurrence, Variation and modelling. Environ. Monit. Assess. 89, 69–93 (2003)
Singer P.C.: Control of disinfection by-products in drinking water. J. Environ. Eng. 120, 727–744 (1994)
APHA, AWWA, WEF: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington DC (1998)
Wattoo M.H.S., Iqbal J., Kazi T.G., Jakhrani M.A.: Monitoring of pollution parameters in waste water of tanneries in Kasur. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3, 960–962 (2000)
Abdullah M.P., Yew C.H., Salleh-bin-Ramli M.: Formation, modeling and validation of trihalomethane (THM) in Malaysia drinking water. Water Res. 37, 4637–4644 (2003)
Uyak V., Toroz I.: Modeling the formation of chlorination by-products during enhanced coagulation. Environ. Monit. Assess. 121, 503–517 (2006)
Uyak V., Toroz T.: Enhanced coagulation of disinfection by-products precursors in Istanbul. Environ. Technol. 26, 261–266 (2005)
Krasner S.W., McGuire M.J., Jacangelo J.G., Patania N.L., Regan K.M., Marco A.E.: The occurrence of disinfection of by-products in U.S Drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 81, 41–53 (2001)
Norwood D.L., Johnson J.D., Christman R.F., Has J.R., Bobenrieth M.J.: Reactions of chlorine with selected aromatic models of aquatic humic material. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14, 187–190 (1980)
Summer R.S., Hooper S.M., Shukairy H.M., Solarik G., Owen D.: Assessing DBP yield: uniform formation conditions. J. AWWA 88, 1–14 (1996)
Liang L., Singer P.C.: Factors influencing the formation and relative distribution of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in drinking water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 2920–2928 (2003)
Miller J., Uden P.: Characterization of non-volatile aqueous chlorination products of humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 150–157 (1983)
Singer P.: Control of disinfection by-products in drinking water. J. Environ. Eng. 120, 727–744 (1994)
Reckhow D.A., Singer P.C.: Mechanisms of organic halide formation during fulvic acid chlorination and implications with respect to preozonation. In: Jolley, R.L., Brungs, W.A., Cotruvo, J.A., Cumming, R.B., Mattice, J.S., Jacobs, V.A. (eds) Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, pp. 1229–1257. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI (1985)
Zar J.: Biostatistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffis. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood, NJ (1984)
Rawlings J.O.: Applied Regression Analysis: A Research Tool. Wadsworth & Brooks Inc., Pacific Grove, CA (1988)
Draper N., Smith H.: Applied Regression Analysis. Wiley, New York (1981)
Waseem S., Mohsin I.U.: Evolution and fate of haloacetic acids before and after chlorination within the treatment plant using SPE-GC-MS. Am. J. Anal. Chem. 2, 522–532 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ata, S., Wattoo, F.H., Din, M.I. et al. Critical Study of Multiple Regressions Modelling for Monitoring of Haloacetic Acids in Water Reservoirs. Arab J Sci Eng 40, 101–108 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1496-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1496-6