Abstract
The stratospheric influences on the non-uniform variation in early spring (March–April, MA) surface temperature over Eurasia is investigated based on the ERA-Interim, NCEP-1, and NCEP-2 reanalysis data for the period 1980–2016. A lead–lag correlation is found between preceding winter (December–February, DJF) stratospheric polar vortex displacements (SPVD) and the MA west–east seesaw pattern in surface temperature over Eurasia. Further analysis reveals that the East Asian jet stream may act as a bridge linking DJF SPVD and MA surface temperature over Eurasia. A positive change in SPVD is associated with a decelerated polar jet stream and an accelerated East Asian jet stream in the troposphere in DJF. The East Asian jet stream signal can persist into MA. As a result, anomalous southerly/northerly winds prevail over western/eastern Eurasia, accounting for the west–east surface temperature seesaw over Eurasia.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ambaum, M. H. P., and B. J. Hoskins, 2002: The NAO troposphere–stratosphere connection. J. Climate, 15, 1969–1978, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1969:TNTSC>2.0.CO;2.
Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30937–30946, doi: 10.1029/1999JD 900445.
Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 2001: Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science, 294, 581–584, doi: 10.1126/science.1063315.
Baldwin, M. P., and D. W. J. Thompson, 2009: A critical comparison of stratosphere–troposphere coupling indices. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1661–1672, doi: 10.1002/qj.v135:644.
Baldwin, M. P., D. B. Stephenson, D. W. J. Thompson, et al., 2003: Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636–640, doi: 10.1126/science. 1087143.
Charlton, A. J., and L. M. Polvani, 2007: A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks. J. Climate, 20, 449–469, doi: 10.1175/JCLI 3996.1.
Cohen, J. L., J. C. Furtado, M. Barlow, et al., 2012: Asymmetric seasonal temperature trends. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04705, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050582.
Dee, D. P., S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, et al., 2011: The ERAInterim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, doi: 10.1002/qj.828.
Garfinkel, C. I., D. L. Hartmann, and F. Sassi, 2010: Tropospheric precursors of anomalous Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortices. J. Climate, 23, 3282–3299, doi: 10.1175/2010 JCLI3010.1.
Garfinkel, C. I., D. W. Waugh, and E. P. Gerber, 2013: The effect of tropospheric jet latitude on coupling between the stratospheric polar vortex and the troposphere. J. Climate, 26, 2077–2095, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00301.1.
Gray, L. J., S. Crooks, C. Pascoe, et al., 2004: Solar and QBO influences on the timing of stratospheric sudden warmings. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2777–2796, doi: 10.1175/JAS-3297.1.
Gu, S. A., and X. Q. Yang, 2006: Variability of the northern circumpolar vortex and its association with climate anomaly in China. Scientia Meteor. Sinica, 26, 135–142. (in Chinese)
He, S. P., and H. J. Wang, 2013: Impact of the November/December Arctic Oscillation on the following January temperature in East Asia. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 12981–12998.
Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877–946, doi: 10.1002/qj.49711147002.
Hurwitz, M. M., P. A. Newman, and C. I. Garfinkel, 2012: On the influence of North Pacific sea surface temperature on the Arctic winter climate. J. Geophys. Res., 117, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017819.
Jadin, E. A., K. Wei, Y. A. Zyulyaeva, et al., 2010: Stratospheric wave activity and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 72, 1163–1170, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.07.009.
Jaiser, R., K. Dethloff, and D. Handorf, 2013: Stratospheric response to Arctic sea ice retreat and associated planetary wave propagation changes. Tellus, 65, doi: 10.3402/tellusa. v65i0.19375.
Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, et al., 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-yr reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437–4712, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437: TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, et al., 2002: NCEPDOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631–1643, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
Kidston, J., A. A. Scaife, S. C. Hardiman, et al., 2015: Stratospheric influence on tropospheric jet streams, storm tracks, and surface weather. Nature Geoscience, 8, 433–440, doi: 10.1038/ngeo2424.
Kim, B.-M., S.-W. Son, S. K. Min, et al., 2014: Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss. Nature Communications, 5, 4646, doi: 10.1038/ncomms5646.
Kolstad, E. W., T. Breiteig, and A. A. Scaife, 2010: The association between stratospheric weak polar vortex events and cold air outbreaks in the Northern Hemisphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 886–893, doi: 10.1002/qj.v136:649.
Kug, J.-S., J.-H. Jeong, Y.-S. Jang, et al., 2015: Two distinct influences of Arctic warming on cold winters over North America and East Asia. Nature Geoscience, 8, 759–762, doi: 10.1038/ngeo2517.
Li, F., and H. J. Wang, 2013: Spring surface cooling trend along the East Asian coast after the late 1990s. Chin. Sci. Bull., 58, 3847–3851, doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5853-8.
Li, F., H. J. Wang, and Y. Q. Gao, 2015: Extratropical ocean warming and winter arctic sea ice cover since the 1990s. J. Climate, 28, 5510–5522, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00629.1.
Lu, C. H., and Y. H. Ding, 2013: Observational responses of stratospheric sudden warming to blocking highs and its feedbacks on the troposphere. Chin. Sci. Bull., 58, 1374–1384, doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5505-4.
Lu, C. H., and Y. H. Ding, 2015: Analysis of isentropic potential vorticities for the relationship between stratospheric anomalies and the cooling process in China. Chin. Sci. Bull., 60, 726–738.
Mitchell, D. M., L. J. Gray, J. Anstey, et al., 2013: The influence of stratospheric vortex displacements and splits on surface climate. J. Climate, 26, 2668–2682, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00030.1.
Outten, S. D., and I. Esau, 2012: A link between Arctic sea ice and recent cooling trends over Eurasia. Climatic Change, 110, 1069–1075, doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0334-z.
Peings, Y., and G. Magnusdottir, 2014: Response of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation to current and projected Arctic sea ice decline: A numerical study with CAM5. J. Climate, 27, 244–264, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00272.1.
Reichler, T., J. Kim, E. Manzini, et al., 2012: A stratospheric connection to Atlantic climate variability. Nature Geoscience, 5, 783–787, doi: 10.1038/ngeo1586.
Seviour, W. J. M., L. J. Gray, and D. M. Mitchell, 2016: Stratospheric polar vortex splits and displacements in the high-top CMIP5 climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 1400–1413.
Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2001: Regional climate impacts of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode. Science, 293, 85–89, doi: 10.1126/science.1058958.
Thompson, D. W. J., M. P. Baldwin, and J. M. Wallace, 2002: Stratospheric connection to Northern Hemisphere wintertime weather: Implications for prediction. J. Climate, 15, 1421–1428, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1421:SCTNHW> 2.0.CO;2.
Wei, K., W. Chen, and W. Zhou, 2011: Changes in the East Asian cold season since 2000. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 69–79, doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9232-y.
Woo, S.-H., M.-K. Sung, S.-W. Son, et al., 2015: Connection between weak stratospheric vortex events and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Climate Dyn., 45, 13481–123492.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Prof. Ke Wei for helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41210007 and 41375083).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, F., Wang, H. & Gao, Y. Stratospheric precursor of non-uniform variation in early spring surface temperature over Eurasia. J Meteorol Res 31, 389–396 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-017-6055-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-017-6055-0