Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the most successful commercialized conducting polymer. PEDOT:PSS is a mixture of two ionomers: positively-charged PEDOT and negatively-charged PSS. PEDOT is a conducting polymer, which has π-π conjugation in its main backbone, and PSS increases charge carrier density in PEDOT by removing electrons from PEDOT during the synthesis process. Many researchers have tried to increase the electrical conductivity, k, of PEDOT:PSS films and applied them to organic and metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices as transparent electrodes. Recently, the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS, including k and work function, have been optimized for those optoelectronic devices. Here, we review recent strategies for optimizing the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS to use them as transparent electrodes.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Kumar and C. Zhou, ACS Nano, 4, 11 (2010).
S.-H. Jeong, S.-H. Woo, T.-H. Han, M.-H. Park, H. Cho, Y.-H. Kim, H. Cho, H. Kim, S. Yoo, and T.-W. Lee, NPG Asia Mater., 9, e411 (2017).
N. Kim, S. Kee, S. H. Lee, B. H. Lee, Y. H. Kahng, Y. R. Jo, B.-J. Kim, and K. Lee, Adv. Mater., 26, 2268 (2014).
N. Kim, H. Kang, J.-H. Lee, S. Kee, S. H. Lee, and K. Lee, Adv. Mater., 27, 2317 (2015).
B. J. Worfolk, S. C. Andrews, S. Park, J. Reinspach, N. Liu, M. F. Toney, S. C. B. Mannsfeld, and Z. Bao, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 14138 (2015).
S. Ahn, S.-H. Jeong, T.-H. Han, and T.-W. Lee, Adv. Opt. Mater., 5, 1600512 (2017).
H. Shi, C. Liu, Q. Jiang, and J. Xu, Adv. Electron. Mater., 1, 150017 (2015).
W. Gaynor, S. Hofmann, M. G. Christoforo, C. Sachse, S. Mehra, A. Salleo, M. D. Mcgehee, M. C. Gather, B. Lüssem, L. Müller-meskamp, P. Peumans, and K. Leo, Adv. Mater., 25, 4006 (2013).
S. J. Lee, Y.-H. Kim, J. K. Kim, H. Baik, J. H. Park, J. Lee, J. Nam, J. H. Park, T. Lee, G.-R. Yi, and J. H. Cho, Nanoscale, 6, 11828 (2014).
S. G. R. Bade, J. Li, X. Shan, Y. Ling, Y. Tian, T. Dilbeck, T. Besara, T. Geske, H. Gao, B. Ma, K. Hanson, T. Siegrist, C. Xu, and Z. Yu, ACS Nano, 10, 1795 (2016).
J. Wu, M. Agrawal, A. Becerril, Z. Bao, Z. Liu, K. Y. Chen, and P. Peumans, ACS Nano, 4, 43 (2010).
M. Cai, Z. Ye, T. Xiao, R. Liu, Y. Chen, R. W. Mayer, R. Biswas, K. Ho, R. Shinar, and J. Shinar, Adv. Mater., 24, 4337 (2012).
T.-H. Han, M.-H. Park, S.-J. Kwon, S. Bae, H. Seo, H. Cho, J. Ahn, and T.-W. Lee, NPG Asia Mater., 8, e303 (2016).
T. Han, S. Kwon, N. Li, H. Seo, W. Xu, K. S. Kim, and T. Lee, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 798, 6197 (2016).
H.-K. Seo, H. Kim, J. Lee, M.-H. Park, S.-H. Jeong, Y.-H. Kim, S.-J. Kwon, T.-H. Han, S. Yoo, and T.-W. Lee, Adv. Mater., 29, 1605587 (2017).
T.-H. Han, H. Kim, S.-J. Kwon, and T.-W. Lee, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 118, 1 (2017).
J. Rivnay, S. Inal, B. A. Collins, M. Sessolo, E. Stavrinidou, X. Strakosas, C. Tassone, D. M. Delongchamp, and G. G. Malliaras, Nat. Commun., 7, 11287 (2016).
S. Kim, S. Y. Kim, M. H. Chung, J. Kim, and J. H. Kim, J. Mater. Chem. C, 3, 5859 (2015).
J. G. Tait, B. J. Worfolk, S. A. Maloney, T. C. Hauger, A. L. Elias, J. M. Buriak, and K. D. Harris, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 110, 98 (2013).
D. J. Lipomi, J. A. Lee, M. Vosgueritchian, B. C. Tee, J. A. Bolander, and Z. Bao, Chem. Mater., 24, 373 (2012).
M. Vosgueritchian, D. J. Lipomi, and Z. Bao, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, 421 (2012).
Y. H. Kim, C. Sachse, M. L. Machala, C. May, L. Müller-meskamp, and K. Leo, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21, 1076 (2011).
W. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. He, X. Zhao, H. Wang, S. Yang, H. Wu, and Y. Cao, Energy Environ. Sci., 6, 1956 (2013).
Y. Xia, K. Sun, and J. Ouyang, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 5325 (2012).
Z. Yu, Y. Xia, D. Du, and J. Ouyang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 11629 (2016).
Y. Xia, K. Sun, and J. Ouyang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 15897 (2015).
B. Zhang, J. Sun, H. E. Katz, F. Fang, and R. L. Opila, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2, 3170 (2010).
I. Lee, G. W. Kim, M. Yang, and T. Kim, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 302 (2016).
H. Yan, T. Jo, and H. Okuzaki, Polym. J., 41, 1028 (2009).
M. W. Lee, M. Y. Lee, J. C. Choi, J. S. Park, and C. K. Song, Org. Electron., 11, 854 (2010).
A. M. Nardes, M. Kemerink, M. M. De Kok, E. Vinken, K. Maturova, and R. A. J. Janssen, Org. Electron., 9, 727 (2008).
N. Kim, B. H. Lee, D. Choi, G. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. Lee, Y. H. Kahng, and K. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 106405 (2012).
D. Alemu, H.-Y. Wei, K.-C. Hod, and C.-W. Chu, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 9662 (2012).
H. Cho, S.-H. Jeong, M.-H. Park, Y.-H. Kim, C. Wolf, C.-L. Lee, J. H. Heo, A. Sadhanala, N. Myoung, S. Yoo, S. H. Im, R. H. Friend, and T.-W. Lee, Science, 350, 1222 (2015).
Y. Zhou, C. Fuentes-hernandez, J. Shim, J. Meyer, A. J. Giordano, H. Li, P. Winget, T. Papadopoulos, H. Cheun, J. Kim, M. Fenoll, A. Dindar, W. Haske, E. Najafabadi, T. M. Khan, H. Sojoudi, S. Barlow, S. Graham, J.-L. Brédas, S. R. Marder, A. Kahn, and B. Kippelen, Science, 336, 327 (2012).
C. M. Palumbiny, C. Heller, C. J. Scha, V. Ko, G. Santoro, S. V. Roth, and P. Mu, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 13598 (2014).
N. Kim, S. Kee, S. H. Lee, B. H. Lee, Y. H. Kahng, Y. R. Jo, B. J. Kim, and K. Lee, Adv. Mater., 26, 2268 (2014).
Y. Xia, K. Sun, and J. Ouyang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 15897 (2015).
C. Yeon, S. J. Yun, J. Kim, and J. W. Lim, Adv. Electron. Mater., 1, 1500121 (2015).
Y. Zhang, Z. Wu, P. Li, L. K. Ono, Y. Qi, J. Zhou, H. Shen, C. Surya, and Z. Zheng, Adv. Energy Mater., 8, 1701569 (2018).
G. Giri, D. M. Delongchamp, J. Reinspach, D. A. Fischer, L. J. Richter, J. Xu, S. Benight, A. Ayzner, M. He, and L. Fang, Chem. Mater., 27, 2350 (2015).
G. Giri, E. Verploegen, S. C. B. Mannsfeld, S. Atahan-Evrenk, D. H. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. A. Becerril, A. Aspuru-Guzik, M. F. Toney, and Z. Bao, Nature, 480, 504 (2011).
S. Kim, B. Sanyoto, W. Park, S. Kim, S. Mandal, J. Lim, Y. Noh, and J. Kim, Adv. Mater., 28, 10149 (2016).
U. Voigt, W. Jaeger, G. H. Findenegg, and R. Klitzing, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 5273 (2003).
O. Bubnova, Z. U. Khan, H. Wang, S. Braun, D. R. Evans, M. Fabretto, P. Hojati-talemi, D. Dagnelund, J. Arlin, Y. H. Geerts, S. Desbief, D. W. Breiby, J. W. Andereasen, R. Lazzaroni, W. M. Chen, I. Zozoulenko, M. Fahlman, P. J. Murphy, M. Berggren, and X. Crispin, Nat. Mater., 13, 190 (2013).
T. Lee and Y. Chung, Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, 2246 (2008).
B. K. Fehse, K. Walzer, K. Leo, W. Lövenich, and A. Elschner, Adv. Mater., 19, 441 (2007).
B. S. Na, S. Kim, J. Jo, and D. Kim, Adv. Mater., 20, 4061 (2008).
M.-H. Park, S.-H. Jeong, H.-Y. Seo, C. Wolf, Y.-H. Kim, H. Kim, J. Byun, J. Sung, H. Cho, and T.-W. Lee, Nano Energy, 42, 157 (2017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the Nano Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014M3A7B4051747). Also, this work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (NRF-2016R1A3B1908431). This research was also supported by Creative Materials Discovery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT (2018M3D1A1058536).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeong, SH., Ahn, S. & Lee, TW. Strategies to Improve Electrical and Electronic Properties of PEDOT:PSS for Organic and Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices. Macromol. Res. 27, 2–9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-019-7053-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-019-7053-0