Abstract
This paper presents the comparative analysis of the properties of highly dispersed silicas synthesized by pyrogenic and fluoride methods. Raw materials and synthesis conditions differ significantly for the considered methods. The structure and surface properties of synthesized silica samples was characterized by a number of methods such as IR, nitrogen adsorption, SEM, microcalorimetry, temperature programmed desorption time-of-flight with mass-spectrometry (TPDM), thermogravimetric analysis. IR spectra showed presence of characteristic absorption bending bands at 468 cm−1 (Si–O-Si) and at 800 cm−1 (O-Si–O) and stretching vibrations bands in the range of 1000–1200 cm−1 (Si–O-Si) for all the studied samples regardless of their synthesis method. The absorption band at 3750 cm−1 attributed to free silanol groups ≡Si–OH confirms the presence of this main sorption centers evenly distributed on the surface for all silica samples. The intensity of this band is quite low for samples obtained by the fluoride synthesis method due to the high water content. This fact is also confirmed by the TGA and TPDM methods. The distribution functions of the activation energy of water desorption demonstrates several maxima: (i) at 60–80 kJ/mol and 100 kJ/mol refers to desorption of molecularly adsorbed water; (ii) at 160–180 kJ/mol is due to the associatively desorbed water. All studied silica samples are hydrophilic according to values of the heat of immersion in water and n-decane, and their Rebinder’s hydrophilicity index Kh > 1. The BET surface area and pore volume of samples significantly depend both on the method of synthesis and on the raw materials.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Data Availability
All data obtained or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Chuiko AA (2003) Medical chemistry and clinical applications of silicon dioxide. Naukova dumka, Kiev (in Russian)
Chuiko AA (2001) Chemistry of Silica Surface. UkrINTEI, Kiev (in Russian)
Legrand AP (1998) The Surface Properties of Silicas. Wiley, New York
Iler RK (1979) The Chemistry of Silica. Wiley, Chichester
Blitz JP, Gun’ko, (2006) Surface chemistry in biomedical and environmental science, NATO science series II: Mathematics, physics and chemistry, vol 228. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4741-X
Hubbard AT (2002) Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science. Marcel Dekker, New York
Bergna HE, Roberts WO (2006) Colloidal Silica: Fundamentals and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420028706
Shpak AP, Gorbik PP (2009) Nanomaterials and supramolecular structures. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2309-4
Basic characteristics of aerosil fumed silica, 4th edn. Tech. Bull. Fine Particles 11; Evonik Industries: Hanau, 2014. Aerosil®–Fumed Silica. Technical Overview; Evonik Industries: Hanau. 2015. http://www.aerosil.com/product/aerosil/en/products/hydrophobic-fumed-silica/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed 1 March 2019
Davraz M, Gunduz L (2005) Engineering properties of amorphous silica as a new natural pozzolan for use in concrete. Cem Concr Res 35(7):125–1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.11.016
Camacho NC, Vega Baudrit JR, Urena YC (2018) Basis and Applications of Silicon Reinforced Adhesives. Organ Med Chem IJ 5(1):18–29. https://doi.org/10.19080/OMCIJ.2018.05.555654
Linec M, Music B (2019) The effects of silica-based fillers on the properties of epoxy molding compounds. Materials 12(11):1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111811
Gun’ko VM, Mironyuk IF, Zarko VI, Voronin EF, Turov VV, Pakhlov EM, Goncharuk EV, Nychiporuk YM, Vlasova NN, Gorbik PP, Mishchuk OA, Chuiko AA, Kulik TV, Palyanytsya BB, Pakhovchishin SV, Skubiszewska-Zięba J, Janusz W, Turov AV, Leboda R (2005) Morphology and surface properties of fumed silicas. J Colloid Int Sci 289(2):427–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.051
Gao G-M, Zou H-F, Gan S-C, Liu Z-J, An B-C, Xu J-J, Li G-H (2009) Preparation and properties of silica nanoparticles from oil shale ash. Powder Technol 191(1–2):47–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2008.09.006
Ai Ch, Xiao Y, Wen W, Yuan L (2011) Large scale and environmentally friendly preparation of micro-submicron spherical silica and their surface effect in resin materials. Powder Technol 210(3):323–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.04.003
Kurbanov MSh, Abdurakhmanov BM, Ashurov HB (2018) Prospects for the Production of Silicon and Solar Energy Products in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Appl Solar Energy 54(2):85–90. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X1802007X
Abdurakhmanov BM, Ashurov HB, Kurbanov MSh, Nuraliev UM (2014) Modernization of the Technology for Obtaining Technical Silicon for Solar Energy. Appl Solar Energy 50(4):282–286. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X14040045
Abdurakhmanov BM, Kurbanov MSh, Tulaganov SA, Ernazarov M, Andriyko LS, Marinin AI, Shevchenko AY (2021) Synthesis of highly dispersed amorphous silicon dioxide powders from industrial metallurgical waste. Uzbek Phys J 23(1):65–74 https://doi.org/10.52304/.v23i1.226 (in Russian)
Kurbanov MSh, Tulaganov SA, Ernazarov M, Andriyko LS, Marinin AI, Shevchenko AYu (2021) Properties of Amorphous Silica Synthesized from Copper-Smelting Slags. J Nano Electron Phys 13(6):06024(5pp). https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.13(6).06024
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW (1982) Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. Academic Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19820861019
Adamson AW, Gast AP (1997) Physical Chemistry of Surface, 6th edn. New York, Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.160.3824.179
Gun’ko VM (2014) Composite materials: textural characteristics. Appl Surf Sci 307:444–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.055
Gun’ko VM, Zarko VI, Chuikov BA, Dudnik VV, Ptushinskii YuG, Voronin EF, Pakhlov EM, Chuiko AA (1998) Temperature-programmed desorption of water from fumed silica, titania, silica/titania, and silica/alumina. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process 172(161):161–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00269-3
Gun’ko VM, Turov VV, Gorbik PP (2009) Water at the interface. Naukova dumka, Kiev (in Russian)
Gunko V, Zarko V, Turov V, Oranska O, Goncharuk E, Nychiporuk Y, Pakhlov E, Yurchenko G, Leboda R, Skubiszewska-Zieba J, Osovskii V, Ptushinskii Y, Derzhypolskyi A, Melenevsky D, Blitze J (2009) Morphological and structural features of individual and composite nanooxides with alumina, silica, and titania in powders and aqueous suspensions. Powder Technol 195(3):245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.06.005
Goncharuk OV (2015) The heat of immersion of modified silica in polar and nonpolar liquids. J Therm Anal Calorim 120:1365–1373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4438-y
Gun’ko VM, Turov VV, Zarko VI, Goncharuk OV, Pakhlov EM, Skubiszewska-Zięba J, Blitz JP (2016) Interfacial phenomena at a surface of individual and complex fumed nanooxides. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 35:108–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2016.06.003
Gun VM, Pakhlov EM, Skubiszewska-Zięba J, Blitz JP (2017) Infrared spectroscopy as a tool for textural and structural characterization of individual and complex fumed oxides. Vib Spectrosc 88:56–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.11.003
Gun VM, Mironyuk IF, Zarko VI, Turov VV, Voronin EF, Pakhlov EM, Goncharuk EV, Leboda R, Skubiszewska-Zieba J, Janusz W, Chibowski S, Levchuk YuN, Klyueva AV (2001) Fumed silicas possessing different morphology and hydrophilicity. J Colloid Int Sci 242(1):90–103. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7736
Gunko VM (2000) Influence of the nature and state of the surface of highly dispersed oxides of silicon, aluminum and titanium on their sorption properties. Theoret Exp Chem 36(1):1–29 (in Russian)
Kiselev AV, Lygin VI (1972) Infrared spectra of surface compounds. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)
Zuravlev LT (1987) Concentration of Hydroxyl Groups on the Surface of Amorphous Silicas. Langmiur 3:316–318. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00075a004
Zhuravlev LT (2000) The surface chemistry of amorphous silica. The Zhuravlev model. J Colloid Surf A 173:1–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00556-2
Khouchaf L, Boulahya K, Das PP, Nicolopoulos S, Kis VK, Lábár JL (2020) Study of the Microstructure of Amorphous Silica Nanostructures Using High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction, and Electron Pair Distribution Function. Materials 13(19):4393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194393
Almyashev VI, Gusarov VV (1999) Thermal methods of analysis. Tutorial. St. Petersburg (in Russian)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Professor V.M. Gun’ko for the developed and provided program for calculating the pore size distribution and distribution function of activation energy of water desorption.
Funding
This work was supported by the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan grant No FZ-201907045.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design.
Mirtemir Sh. Kurbanov: Conceptualization, Methodology;
Sardor A. Tulaganov: Investigation; Visualization;
Lyudmila S. Andriyko: Investigation, Analysis, Interpretation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing;
Olena V. Goncharuk: Investigation; Writing-Original draft preparation;
Natalia V. Guzenko: Investigation, Validation;
Yurii M. Nychyporuk: Investigation, Formal analysis.
Andrii Marynin: SEM investigation and analysis.
The first draft of the manuscript was written be Lyudmila Andriyko and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
The manuscript is original and is not submitted to another journal. The article has not been published previously. The manuscript has been written by the stated authors who are ALL aware of its content and approve its submission. The article is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. No conflict of interest exists. If accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in any language, without the written consent of the publisher.
Consent to Participate
All authors, whose names are listed in the manuscript, confirm their participation in the study and made their significant contribution.
Consent for Publication
All authors have approved the last version of manuscript for submission and give their consent to the publication of the data presented in the article. All authors are responsible for the accuracy of the presented data.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Financial Interests
Authors declare they have no financial interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kurbanov, M., Tulaganov, S., Nuraliev, U. et al. Comparative Characteristics of the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Silica Synthesized by Pyrogenic and Fluoride Methods. Silicon 15, 1221–1233 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02087-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02087-7