Abstract
Here in this work, we demonstrate the concept of hybrid biosensor based on embedded cavity gate all around (GAA) junctionless field effect transistors (JLT) capable of sensing, amplification and noise cancellation simultaneously for the first time. The disadvantages of low sensitivity and noise in classical concept of single device biosensor system are mitigated using a hybrid scheme, where sensing is performed by p-type and n-type FETs simultaneously. The proposed hybrid biosensor is designed by exploiting dielectric modulation property of embedded nanogap cavity biologically sensitive field effect transistors (DM-FETs). Lookup table (LUT) based Verilog-A models are developed for p and n type devices considering various types of biosamples in the embedded nanogap cavity. The developed Verilog-A models are imbibed into Cadence Virtuoso to perform the circuit simulations. The biomolecules are simulated as dielectric materials with different permitivities in the embedded nanogap cavity. The proposed hybrid biosensor has been analyzed for different topologies and performance comparisons have been carried out between junctionless based DM-FET and inversion mode DM-FET based biosensors. The performance of proposed DM-FET based hybrid biosensor has been evaluated through voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs) in terms of logic threshold voltage shift (△VLt) and gain (AV). Performance comparisons for different topologies including resistive load, single stage and cascaded two stage hybrid biosensors have also been analyzed. Cascaded GAA JLT configured biosensors yields the highest △VLt sensitivity of 61.14%. However the results emphasize the superior all-round performance of cascaded CMOS configuration with \(\triangle \text {V}_{\text {Lt}}\simeq 30\%\) and gain AV = 55.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Stern E, Vacic A, Reed MA (2008) IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 55(11):3119. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2008.2005168
Gao Z, Agarwal A, Trigg AD, Singh N, Fang C, Tung CH, Fan Y, Buddharaju KD, Kong J (2007) Analytical Chemistry 79(9):3291. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061808q
Shetti NP, Bukkitgar SD, Reddy KR, Reddy CV, Aminabhavi TM (2019) Biosensors and Bioelectronics 111417:141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111417
Shen MY, Li BR, Li YK (2014) Biosens Bioelectron 60:101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.057
Voon CH, Sam ST (2019) In: Gopinath SC, Lakshmipriya T (eds) Nanobiosensors for biomolecular targeting, Micro and Nano Technologies, pp 23–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813900-4.00002-6. Elsevier
Bergveld P (2003) Sensors and Actuators B:, Chemical 88(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00301-5
Schöning MJ, Poghossian A (2002) Analyst 127:1137. https://doi.org/10.1039/B204444G
Chou JC, Hsiao CN (2000) Mater Chem Phys 63(3):270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(99)00188-1
Chou JC, Hsiao CN (2000) Sensors and Actuators B:, Chemical 66 (1):181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00341-5
Jakobson C, Feinsod M, Nemirovsky Y (2000) Sensors and Actuators B:, Chemical 68(1):134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00473-1
Im H, Huang XJ, Gu B, Choi YK (2007) Nat Nanotechnol 2(7):430. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.180
Shafi N, Sahu C, Periasamy C (2019) IEEE Electron Device Letters 40(6):997. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2019.2911334
Shafi N, Sahu C, Periasamy C (2020) IEEE Sensors Journal, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2964625
Kim C, Kim J, Moon D, Choi J, Choi Y (2016) IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 15(2):188. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2015.2512300
Gu B, Park TJ, Ahn JH, Huang XJ, Lee SY, Choi YK (2009) Small 5(21):2407. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200900450
Im M, Ahn J, Han J, Park TJ, Lee SY, Choi Y (2011) IEEE Sensors J 11(2):351. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2010.2062502
Kim C, Ahn J, Lee K, Jung C, Park HG, Choi Y (2012) IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 59(10):2825. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2012.2209650
Ahn JH, Choi SJ, Im M, Kim S, Kim CH, Kim JY, Park TJ, Lee SY, Choi YK (2017) Appl Phys Lett 111(11):113701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003106
Shafi N, Sahu C, Periasamy C (2018) Superlattice Microst 120:75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2018.05.006
Colinge JP, Lee CW, Afzalian A, Akhavan ND, Yan R, Ferain I, Razavi P, O’neill B, Blake A, White M, et al. (2010) Nature Nanotechnology 5(3):225. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.15
Su CJ, Tsai TI, Liou YL, Lin ZM, Lin HC, Chao TS (2011) IEEE Electron Device Letters 32(4):521. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2011.2107498
Buitrago E, Fagas G, Badia MFB, Georgiev YM, Berthomé M., Ionescu AM (2013) Sensors and Actuators B:, Chemical 183:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.028
Moon D, Choi S, Duarte JP, Choi Y (2013) IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 60(4):1355. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2013.2247763
Kranti A, Yan R, Lee C, Ferain I, Yu R, Dehdashti Akhavan N, Razavi P, Colinge J (2010) In: 2010 Proceedings of the European Solid State Device Research Conference, pp 357–360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSDERC.2010.5618216
Mukherjee C, Maneux C, Pezard J, Larrieu G (2017) In: 2017 47th European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC), pp 34–37 https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSDERC.2017.8066585
Jeon DY, Park SJ, Mouis M, Barraud S, Kim GT, Ghibaudo G (2013) Solid State Electron 81:101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2012.12.003
Sahu C, Singh J (2014) IEEE Electron Device Letters 35(3):411. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED..2297451
Parihar MS, Ghosh D, Kranti A (2013) IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 60(5):1540. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2013.2253324
Chandrasekaran AR (2017) Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2820619
Ishige Y, Shimoda M, Kamahori M (2009) Biosensors and Bioelectronics 24 (5):1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.012. Selected Papers from the Tenth World Congress on Biosensors Shangai, China, May 14-16, 2008
Lee J, Jang J, Choi B, Yoon J, Kim JY, Choi YK, Myong D, Kim D, Kim H, Choi SJ (2015) Scientific Reports 5:12286 EP. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12286. Article
Lee J, Hwang S, Choi B, Lee JH, Moon D, Seol M, Kim C, Chung I, Park B, Choi Y, Kim DM, Kim DH, Choi S (2013) In: 2013 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, pp 14.5.1–14.5.4. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM.2013.6724631
Gao A, Zou N, Dai P, Lu N, Li T, Wang Y, Zhao J, Mao H (2013) Nano Lett 13(9):4123. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401628y
Kanungo S, Chattopadhyay S, Sinha K, Gupta PS, Rahaman H (2017) IEEE Sensors J 17(5):1399. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2633621
Clément N, Han XL, Larrieu G (2013) Appl Phys Lett 103(26):263504. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858955
Knopfmacher O, Tarasov A, Fu W, Wipf M, Niesen B, Calame M, Schönenberger C. (2010) Nano Lett 10(6):2268. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl100892y
Stern E, Klemic JF, Routenberg DA, Wyrembak PN, Turner-Evans DB, Hamilton AD, LaVan DA, Fahmy TM, Reed MA (2007) Nature 445(7127):519. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05498
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shafi, N., Parmaar, J.S., Porwal, A. et al. Gate All Around Junctionless Dielectric Modulated BioFET Based Hybrid Biosensor. Silicon 13, 2041–2052 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00583-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00583-2