Abstract
Nowadays, the starring attentions of the polylactic acid based composites are improved due to environmental awareness and diminution of petroleum oil. The bio-plastics were restricted to limited applications due to its higher cost. The bio-plastics filled fiber and or fillers lessen the cost with enhanced properties. In this research, the PLA- biocomposite and PLA-hybrid biocomposites were prepared with twin screw extruder, two-roll mill, and compression molding method. The PLA based bio and hybrid biocomposites are fabricated with 30 wt% of treated kenaf fiber and 0, 1, 2 and 3 wt% montmorillonite clay filler. The influence of MMT clay on thermal, mechanical, water absorption and biodegradable properties of PLA-biocomposite and PLA-hybrid biocomposites has been studied. The PLA-hybrid biocomposites thermal, mechanical and water resistance properties are increased with adding of MMT clay. However, 1 wt% MMT clay included PLA-hybrid biocomposite exhibits increased tensile, flexural and impact properties, and abrasion resistance than other PLA-hybrid biocomposites. The PLA-bio and hybrid biocomposites showed higher tensile and flexural modulus than pure- PLA. The results TGA analysis depicted that inclusion of MMT clay can improve the decomposition temperature of the biocomposite. SEM analysis discloses that, MMT clay it acts as a transfer mechanism. The water absorption and biodegradability properties results illustrates that water resistance of hybrid biocomposites improved and biodegradability decreased due to adding of MMT clay.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
El-Shekeil YA, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M, Shuja’a OMA (2014) Influence of fiber content on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of kenaf fibers reinforced poly(vinyl chloride)/thermoplastic polyurethane poly-blend composites. Mater Desig 58:130–135
Kim KW, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Sriroth K, Dorgan JR (2012). J Therm Anal Calorim 108(3):1131–1139
Sukyai P, Sriroth KR, Lee BH, Kim HJ (2012). Appl Mech Mater 117:1343–1351
Kim HS, Lee BH, Lee S, Kim HJ, Dorgan JR (2011). J Therm Anal Calorim 104(1):331–338
Yang X, Guo Y, Han Y, Li Y, Ma T, Chen M, Kong J, Zhu J, Gu J (2019). Compos Part B-Eng 175:107070
Chandra R, Rustigi R (1998). Prog Polym Scie 23:1273–1335
Bogaert JC, Coszach PH (2000). Macromole symp 153:287–303
Drumrit RE, Gruber PR, Henton DE (2000). Adv Mater 12:1841–1846
Huda MS, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M (2006). Compos Sci Technol 66(11–12):1813–1824
Ochi S (2008). Mech Mater 40(4–5):446–452
Shanks RA, Hodzic A, Ridderhof D (2006). J Appl Polym Sci 101(6):3620–3629
Yussuf AA, Massoumi I, Hassan A (2010). J Polym Environ 18:422–429
Tang L, He M, Na X, Guan X, Zhang R, Zhang J, Gu J (2019). Compos Commun 16:5–10
Tang L, Dang J, He M, Li J, Kong J, Tang Y, Gu J (2019). Compos Sci Technol 169:120–126
Gu J, Li Y, Liang C, Tang Y, Tang L, Zhang Y, Kong J, Liu H, Guo Z (2018). J Mater Chem C 6:7652
Liu Z, Zhang J, Tang L, Zhou Y, Lin Y, Wang R, Kong J, Tang Y, Gu J (2019). Compos Part B-Eng 178:107466
Khali HPSA, Alwani MS, Ridzuan R, Kamarudin H, Khairul A (2008). Polym Plast Tech Eng 47:273–280
Joshi SV, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Arora S (2004). Compos Part A 35:371–376
Aziz SH, Ansell MP (2004). Compos Sci Technol 64:1219
Akil HM, Omar MF (2011). Mater Desig 32:4107–4121
Yousif BF, Tayeb NSM (2008). Tribo Lett 32:199–208
Hong CK, Hwang I, Kim N, Park DH, Hwang BS, Nah C (2008). J Indus Eng Chem 14:71–76
Joh MJ, Francis B, Varughese KT, Thomas S (2008). Compos Part A 39:352–363
Zhong J, Li H, Yu J, Tan T (2011). Polym-Plast Technol Eng 50:1583–1589
Vilay V, Jaafar M, Mat Taib R, Todo M (2008). Compos Sci Technol 68:631–638
Saba N, Paridah MT, Jawaid M (2015). Constr Build Mater 76:87–96
Balakrishnan H, Hassan A, Wahit MU, Yussuf AA, Razak SBA (2010). Mater Des 31:3289–3298
Mustapa IR, Shanks RA, Kong I (2013). Int J Adv Sci Eng Tech 3:192–199
Kabir MM, Wang H, Lau KT, Carnado F (2012). Composites Part B 43(7):2883–2892
Ahmed SH, Rasid R, Bonnia NN, Zainol I, Mamun AA, Bledzki AK, Beg MDH (2011). J Compos Mater 45:203–217
Reddy N, Yang Y (2009) Carbohydr 2009; 77: 898–902
Robeson LM, Paul DR (2008) Polymer 2008; 49: 3187–3204
Souza VS, Bianchi O, Lima MFS, Mauler RS (2014). J Non-Cryst Solids 400:58–66
Saba N, Paridah MT, Abdan K, Ibrahim NA (2015). Bioresource 10:4530–4543
Jahanmardi R, Kangarlou B, Dibazar A (2013). J Nanostruc Chem 3:82
Dueramae I, Jubsilp C, Takeichi T, Rimdusit S (2014). Compos. Part B Eng 56:197–206
Hapuarachchi TD, Peijs T (2010). Composites Part A. 41:954–963
Okubo K, Fujii T, Thostenson ET (2009). Composites Part A 40:469–475
Ray SS, Yamada K, Okamoto M, Ueda K (2002). Nano Lett 2:1093–1096
Jalalvandi E, Majid RA, Ghanbari T, IIbeygi H (2013). J Thermoplas Compos Mater 28:496–509
Saba N, Paridah MT, Abdan K, Ibrahim NA (2016). Constr Build Mater 123:15–26
Azmi MN, Rafeq SA, Nadlene R, Irwan MAM and Aishah AM (2012) 3rd International Conference on Engineering and ICT (ICEI2012) Melaka, Malaysia, April 4–5
Meng QK, Hetzer M, De Kee D (2010). J Comp Mate 45(10):1145–1158
Ramesh P, Prasad DB, Narayana KL (2019) Silicon, 10/1007/s12633-019-00275-6
Kaiser MR, Anuar HB (2013). Iran Polym J 22:123–131
Lutpi HA, Anuar H, Samat N, Surip SN, Bonnia NN (2012). Adv Mater Res 576:446–449
Mohd Edeerozey AM, Akil HM, Azhar AB, Zainal Ariffin MI (2007). Mater Lett 61:2023–2025
Guo Y, Lyu Z, Yang X, Lu Y, Ruan K, Wu Y, Kong J, Gu J (2019). Compos Part B:Eng 164:732–739
Alamri H, Low IM, Alothman Z (2012). Compos Part B 43:2762–2771
Patel K, Patel J, Gohil P, Chaudhary V (2018). A Mech and Mater 877:294–298
Lei Y, Wu Q, Clemons CM, Yao F, Xu Y (2007). J Appl Polym Sci 106:3958–3966
Eng CC, Ibrahim NA , Zainuddin N, Ariffin H, Yunus WZW, Yee Then Y, Chean C (2013) Ind J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/816503
Premalal HGB, Ismail H, Baharin A (2003). Polym Test 21:833–839
Zhao Q, Tao J, Yam RCM, Mok ACK, Li RKY, Song C (2008). Polym Degrad Stab 93:1571–1576
Zampaloni M, Pourboghrat F, Yankovich SA, Rodgers BN, Moore J, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M (2007). Composites A 38:1569–1580
Huda MS, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M (2008). Compos Sci Technol 68:424–432
El-Shekeil YA, Sapuan M, Khalina A (2012). EXP Polym Lett 6:1032–1040
Yang HS, Kim HJ, Son J, Park HJ, Lee BJ, Hwang TS (2004). Compos Struct 63:305–312
Ismail H, Nizam JM, Khalil HPSA (2001). Polym Test 20:125–133
Huda MS, Drzal LT, Misra M, Mohanty AK (2006). J Appl Polym Sci 102:4856–4869
Hakamy A, Shaikh FUA, Low IM (2013). Const Build Mater 49:298–307
Feng F, Wang B, Wang F, Zheng G, Dai K, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C (2014). J Rein Plast Compos 33:911–922
Brostow W, Lobland HEH, Hnatchuk N, Perez JM (2017). Nanomaterials 7:66
Ohkita T, Lee SH (2006). J Appl Polym Sci 100:3009–3017
El-Shekeil YA, Sapuan SM, Abdan K, Zainudinm ES (2012). Mater and Desig 40:299–303
Ismail H, Pasbakhsh P, Fauzi MN, Bakar AA (2008). Polym Test 27:841–850
Madaleno L, Thomsen JS, Pinto JC (2010). Compos Sci Technol 70:804–814
Yeh JM, Huang HY, Chena CL, Su WF, Yu YH (2006). Surf Coat Technol 200:2753–2763
Gu J, Lv Z, Wu Y, Guo Y, Tian L, Qiu H, Li W, Zhang Q (2017). Compos Part A 94:209–216
Deka BK, Maji TK (2011). Compos Part A 42:686–693
Zhao H, Li RKY (2008). Compos Part A 39:602–611
Liu W, Hoa SV, Pugh M (2005). Compos Sci Technol 65:2364–2373
Alamri H, Low IM (2013). Composites Part A 44:23–31
Sajna VP, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2014). J Rein Plas Comp 33:1717–1732
Islam MS, Talib ZA, Hasan M, Ramli I, Haafiz MKM, Jawaid M, Islam A, Inuwa IM (2017). Polym Compos 38:583–587
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramesh, P., Prasad, B.D. & Narayana, K.L. Influence of Montmorillonite Clay Content on Thermal, Mechanical, Water Absorption and Biodegradability Properties of Treated Kenaf Fiber/ PLA-Hybrid Biocomposites. Silicon 13, 109–118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00401-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00401-9