Abstract
Reduction of titanomagnetite (TTM) powders by H2-Ar gas mixtures was investigated under a non-isothermal condition by using a thermogravimetric analysis system. It was found that non-isothermal reduction of TTM proceeded via a dual-reaction mechanism. The first reaction was reduction of TTM to wüstite and ilmenite, whereas the second one was reduction of wüstite and ilmenite to iron and titanium dioxide. By using a new model for the dual reactions, which was in an analytical form and incorporated different variables, such as time, temperature, particle size, and hydrogen partial pressure, rate-controlling steps for the dual reactions were obtained with the apparent activation energies calculated to be 90–98 and 115–132 kJ/mol for the first and second reactions, respectively.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J. Dang, X.J. Hu, G.H. Zhang, X.M. Hou, X.B. Yang, and K.C. Chou, Kinetics of reduction of titano-magnetite powder by H2, High Temp. Mater. Processes, 32(2013), No. 3, p. 229.
H.B. Zuo, Z.W. Hu, J.L. Zhang, J. Li, and Z.J. Liu, Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 6, p. 514.
G.D. McAdam, D.J. ÓBrien, and T. Marshall, Rapid reduction of New Zealand ironsands, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 4(1977), No. 1, p. 1.
E. Park and O. Ostrovski, Reduction of titania-ferrous ore by carbon monoxide, ISIJ Int., 43(2003), No. 9, p. 1316.
A.A. Morozov, V.A. Reznichenko, A.Y. Sinadskii, and I.A. Karyazin, Metallurgical properties of titanomagnetite concentrate from the Kuril’sk Islands and its electromelted slags, Russ. Metall., 4(1998), No. 2, p. 3.
J.M. Pang, P.M. Guo, P. Zhao, C.Z. Cao, D.G. Zhao, and D.G. Wang, Reduction of 1–3 mm iron ore by H2 in a fluidized bed, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 16(2009), No. 6, p. 620.
Y.J. Wang and K.G. Zhou, Preparation of spherical ultra-fine copper powder via hydrogen reduction-densification of Mg(OH)2-coated Cu2O powder, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 19(2012), No. 11, p. 1063.
Y.J. Xin, Z.M. Guo, J. Luo, R.X. Wang, and Z.C. Fang, Preparation of coarse and spherical tungsten powders by ammonium paratungstate, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 35(2013), No. 3, p. 352.
X.G. Si, X.G. Lu, C.W. Li, C.H. Li, and W.Z. Ding, Phase transformation and reduction kinetics during the hydrogen reduction of ilmenite concentrate, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 19(2012), No. 5, p. 384.
Y.M. Wang, Z.F. Yuan, H. Matsuura, and F. Tsukihashi, Reduction extraction kinetics of titania and iron from an ilmenite by H2-Ar gas mixtures, ISIJ Int., 49(2009), No. 2, p. 164.
K. Sun, T. Akiyama, R. Takahashi, and J.I. Yagi, Hydrogen reduction of natural ilmenite in a fluidized bed, ISIJ Int., 35(1995), No. 4, p. 360.
R.A. Briggs and A. Sacco, Hydrogen reduction mechanisms of ilmenite between 823 and 1353 K, J. Mater. Res., 6(1991), No. 3, p. 574.
E. Park and O. Ostrovski, Reduction of titania-ferrous ore by hydrogen, ISIJ Int., 44(2004), No. 6, p. 999.
W.K. Jozwiak, E. Kaczmarek, T.P. Maniecki, W. Ignaczak, and W. Maniukiewicz, Reduction behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmospheres, Appl. Catal., A, 326(2007), No. 1, p. 17.
J. Dang, K.C. Chou, X.J. Hu, and G.H. Zhang, Reduction kinetics of metal oxides by hydrogen, Steel Res. Int., 84(2013), No. 6, p. 526.
K.C. Chou, A kinetic model for oxidation of Si-Al-O-N materials, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89(2006), No. 5, p. 1568.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dang, J., Zhang, Gh., Hu, Xj. et al. Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of titanomagnetite by hydrogen. Int J Miner Metall Mater 20, 1134–1140 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0846-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0846-9