Abstract
An anodized Al2O3 (AAO) membrane with apertures about 72 nm in diameter was prepared by two-step anodic oxidation. The appearance and pore arrangement of the AAO membrane were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the pores with high pore aspect ratio were parallel, well-ordered, and uniform. The kinetics of pores growth in the AAO membrane was derived, and the kinetic models showed that pores stopped developing when the pressure (σ) trended to equal the surface tension at the end of anodic oxidation. During pore expansion, the effects of the oxalic acid concentration and expansion time on the pore size were investigated, and the kinetic behaviors were explained with two kinetic models derived in this study. They showed that the pore size increased with extended time (r=G·t+G′), but decreased with increased concentration (r = −K·lnc-K′) through the derived mathematic formula. Also, the values of G, G′, K, and K′ were derived from our experimental data.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
C. R. Martin, Science 266, 1961 (1994).
T. A. Hanaoka, A. Heilmann, M. Kroll, H. P. Kormann, T. Sawitowski, G. Schmid, P. Jutzi, A. Klipp, U. Kreibig, R. Neuendorf, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 12, 367 (1998).
A. P. Li, F. Muller, A. Birner, K. Nielsch, and U. Gosele, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6023 (1998).
W. Lee, R. Scholz, K. Nielsch, and U. Gosele, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 44, 6050 (2005).
H. Masuda, H. Asoh, M. Wabe, K. Nishio, M. Nakao, and T. Tamamura, Adv. Mater. 13, 189 (2001).
J. Zhao, Q. Y. Gao, C. Gu, and Y. Yang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 358, 77 (2002).
D. Lysenkov, H. Abbas, G. Muller, J. Engstler, K. P. Budna, J. J. Schneider, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 23, 809 (2005).
J. Choi, G. Sauer, K. Nielsch, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Gosele, Chem. Mater. 15, 776 (2003).
M. Lahav, T. Sehayek, A. Vaskevich, and I. Rubinstein, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 42, 5576 (2003).
M. Steinhart, J.H. Wendor, A. Greiner, R.B. Wehrspohn, K. Nielsch, J. Schilling, J. Choi, and U. Gösele, Science 296, 1997 (2002).
A. Yamaguchi, F. Uejo, T. Yoda, T. Uchida, Y. Tanamura, T. Yamashita, and N. Teramae, Nat. Mater. 3, 337 (2004).
A. Thormann, N. Teuscher, M. Pfannmçller, U. Rothe, and A. Heilmann, Small 3, 1032 (2007).
A. Heilmann, N. Teuscher, A. Kiesow, D. Janasek, and U. Spohn, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3, 375 (2003).
P. Takhistov, Biosens Bioelectron. 19, 1445 (2004).
I. Vlassiouk, A. Krasnoslobodtsev, S. Smirnov, and M. Germann, Langmuir. 20, 9913 (2004).
S. Dreve, E. Indrea, I. Bratu, M. Bako, G. H. Mihailescu, L. Olenic, Stela, Pruneanu, V. Znamirovschi, and L. Barbu-Tudoran, Physica, Special Issue. 1, 381 (2003).
S. F. Hulbert, in An Introduction to Bioceramics, L. L. Hench, and J. Wilson, (eds.), World Scientific, pp. 25–40, Singapore (1993).
X. W. Wang, G. T. Fei, X. J. Xu, Z. Jin, and L. D. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. B. 109, 24326 (2005).
Y. Matsui, K. Nishio, and H. Masuda, Small. 2, 522 (2006).
L. Zhang, P. Zhang, and Y. Fang, Anal. Chim. Acta. 591, 214 (2007).
F. Zhang, L. Yang, S. Bi, J. Liu, F. Liu, X. Wang, X. Yang, N. Gan, T. Yu, J. Hu, H. Li, and T. Yang, J. Inorg. Biochem. 87, 105 (2001).
G. Chen, A. S. Soper, and R. L. McCarley, Langmuir. 23, 11777 (2007).
W. Zhang, Z. Huang, J. Yu, D. Gao, J. Qian, J. Biomedical Engineering 22, 1007 (2005).
P. Takhistov and Biosens, Bioelectron. 19, 1445 (2004).
G. Patermarakis and K. Moussoutzanis, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 737 (1995).
P. O. Sullivan and G. C. Wood, P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy. 317, 511 (1970).
G. E. Thompson and G. C. Wood, Nature 290, 230 (1981).
R. Kanakla, P. V. Singaraju, R. Venkat, and B. Das, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, J1–J5 (2005).
P. Singaraju, R. Venkat, R. Kanakla, B. Das, Phys. Appl. Phys. 35, 107 (2006).
V. P. Parkhutik, and V. I. Shershulsky, J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. 25, 1258 (1992).
Z. Xing, G. Wu, S. Huang, S. Chen, and H. Zeng, J. Supercrit. Fluid. 47, 281 (2008).
Y. Sui and J. M. Saniger, Mater. Lett. 48, 127 (2001).
A. Jagminas and D. Bigelien, J. Cryst. Growth 233, 591 (2001).
Y. Gong, W. Wang, H. Wang, and H. Guo, Acta. Phys-Chim. Sin. 20, 199 (2004).
R. Rocio, A. Vazquez-Olmos, M. E. Mata-Zamora, A. Ordonez-Medrano, F. Rivera-Torres, and J. M. Saniger, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 287, 664 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, Y., Zeng, Hy., Zhao, C. et al. Kinetic models of controllable pore growth of anodic aluminum oxide membrane. Met. Mater. Int. 18, 433–438 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-012-3008-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-012-3008-0