Abstract
With the additional dimension, 4D printing is emerging as a novel technique to enable configuration switching in 3D printed items. In this paper, four major approaches, namely self-assembly of elements, deformation mismatch, bi-stability, and the Shape memory effect (SME), are identified as the generic approaches to achieve 4D printing. The main features of these approaches are briefly discussed. Utilizing these approaches either individually or in a combined manner, the potential of 4D printing to reshape product design is demonstrated by a few example applications.
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Recommended by Associate Editor Ki-Hoon Shin
Ye Zhou is currently a Research Associate in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He has been working on topics relating to properties of shape memory polymers and their applications utilizing 3D printing methods.
Wei Min Huang is currently an Associate Professor in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He has over 20 years of experience on shape memory materials including alloys and polymers, and has published two books and over 100 journal papers in this field.
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Zhou, Y., Huang, W.M., Kang, S.F. et al. From 3D to 4D printing: approaches and typical applications. J Mech Sci Technol 29, 4281–4288 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0925-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0925-0