Abstract
The Xigeda Formation has the characteristics of poor cementation, variable structure, and softening in water. It is prone to lead to failure of the initial support structures, arch collapse, and even roof fall. The key to the problem lies in the exploration of the interaction between surrounding rock and support. Therefore, based on the constraint loss theory of the tunnel face space effect, this paper constructively introduces multiple dependent variables, including the intermediate principal stress, the dilatancy of the surrounding rock, the timeliness of the shotcrete support stiffness, and the water content of the Xigeda formation, to decouple the whole process of the interaction between the surrounding rock and support, and discusses the influence of each variable. The research results show that: i) there is a critical support point in the tunnel under the influence of the unified strength theoretical parameter b and water content, and when the unified strength theoretical parameter b is constant, the critical distance of the support will decrease with the increase of the water content; ii) from the perspective of deformation control, the stress of support structure will increase with the increase of dilatancy angle of Xigeda surrounding rock; iii) considering the hardening characteristics of shotcrete, the initial support stiffness of Xigeda tunnel increases nonlinearly, and the whole process of stress and deformation can be divided into four stages; iv) the combined support structure of section steel and grille has little difference in the deformation control effect of the surrounding rock and the stress of the support structure, but the combined support structure of the grille steel frame is more sensitive to the hardening parameters.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alejano LR, Rodriguez-Dono A, Veiga M (2012) Plastic radii and longitudinal deformation profiles of tunnels excavated in strain-softening rock masses. Tunnelling and Space Technology 30:169–182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.02.017
Carranza-Torres C, Fairhurst C (2000) Application of the convergence-confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 15(2):187–213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(00)00046-8
Carranza-Torres C, Rysdahl B, Kasim M (2013) On the elastic analysis of a circular lined tunnel considering the delayed installation of the support. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 61:57–85, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.01.010
Cui L, Zheng JJ, Zhang RJ, Lai HJ (2015) A numerical procedure for the fictitious support pressure in the application of the convergence-confinement method for circular tunnel design. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 78:336–349, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.07.001
Cui L, Zheng JJ, Zhang RJ, Zhang W (2014) Elastoplastic solutions to strain-softening behavior of surrounding rock masses of deep circular tunnels considering dilatancy effect. Rock and Soil Mechanics 35(4):1187–1193 (in Chinese)
Einstein HH, Schwartz CW (1979) Simplified analysis for tunnel supports. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 105(4):499–518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000786
Es-Haghi MS, Shishegaran A, Rabczuk T (2020) Evaluation of a novel asymmetric genetic algorithm to optimize the structural design of 3D regular and irregular steel frames. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 14(5):1110–1130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0643-2
Fahimifar A, Ranjbarnia M (2009) Analytical approach for the design of active grouted rockbolts in tunnel stability based on convergence-confinement method. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 24(4):363–375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.10.005
Gschwandtner GG, Galler R (2012) Input to the application of the convergence confinement method with time-dependent material behaviour of the support. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 27(1):13–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.06.003
Jin YF, Zhu BQ, Yin ZY, Zhang DM (2019) Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the interaction of two crossing tunnels in soft clay. Underground Space 4(4):310–327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2019.04.002
Khalid MS, Kikumoto M, Cui Y, Kishida K (2019) The role of dilatancy in shallow overburden tunneling. Underground Space 4(3):181–200, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2018.09.006
Kwong AKL, Ng CCW, Schwob A (2019) Control of settlement and volume loss induced by tunneling under recently reclaimed land. Underground Space 4(4):289–301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2019.03.005
Lee YK, Pietruszczak S (2008) A new numerical procedure for elastoplastic analysis of a circular opening excavated in a strain-softening rock mass. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 23:588–599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.11.002
Mortazavi B, Podryabinkin EV, Roche S, Rabczuk T, Shapeev AV (2020) Machine-learning interatomic potentials enable first-principles multiscale modeling of lattice thermal conductivity in graphene/borophene heterostructures. Materials Horizons 7(9):2359–2367, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH00787K
Naghsh MA, Shishegaran A, Karami B, Rabczuk T, Shishegaran A, Taghavizadeh H, Moradi M (2021) An innovative model for predicting the displacement and rotation of column-tree moment connection under fire. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 15(2):1–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0688-2
Osgoui RR, Oreste P (2009) Elasto-plastic analytical model for the design of grouted bolts in a Hoek-Brown medium. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 34(16):1651–1686, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.823
Shishegaran A, Daneshpajoh F, Taghavizade H, Mirvalad S (2020a) Developing conductive concrete containing wire rope and steel powder wastes for route deicing. Construction and Building Materials 232:117184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117184
Shishegaran A, Ghasemi MR, Varaee H (2019) Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 13:1301–1315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4
Shishegaran A, Karami B, Rabczuk T, Naghsh MA, Khani MM (2020b) Performance of fixed beam without interacting bars. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 14(5):1180–1195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0661-0
Shishegaran A, Khalili MR, Karami B, Rabczuk T, Shishegaran A (2020c) Computational predictions for estimating the maximum deflection of reinforced concrete panels subjected to the blast load. International Journal of Impact Engineering 139:103527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103527
Shishegaran A, Saeedi M, Mirvalad S, Korayemd AH (2021a) The mechanical strength of the artificial stones, containing the travertine wastes and sand. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 11:1688–1709, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.013
Shishegaran A, Varaee H, Rabczuk T, Shishegaran G (2021b) High correlated variables creator machine: Prediction of the compressive strength of concrete. Computers & Structure 247:106479, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106479
Unlu T, Gercek H (2003) Effect of poisson’s ratio on the normalized radial displacements occurring around the face of a circular tunnel. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 18(5):547–553, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00086-5
Zhang CG, Zeng KH (2015) Comparisons and applications of displacement release coefficients for a circular rock tunnel subjected to isotropic geostresses. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 34(3):498–510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.03.007 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgements
The research work herein was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51678498) and the High Speed Railway and Natural Science United Foundation of China (U1934213).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, P., Zhou, F., Lin, J. et al. Decoupling Analysis of Interaction between Tunnel Surrounding Rock and Support in Xigeda Formation Strata. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 4897–4912 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0618-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0618-4