Abstract
Objective
To assess the antioxidant status in HIV positive children.
Methods
HIV positive children under the age group of 3–12 years from lower socio-economic strata were chosen for the study (Group 1). The values were compared with normal children (Group 2) not suffering from any disease in the same age group and similar socio-economic strata. The antioxidants chosen for the present study were vitamin A (Retinol), vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (α tocopherol).
Results
Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using student ‘t’ test (in the present study ‘z’ test was applied). The antioxidants vitamin A, C and E decreased in HIV positive children as compared to controls. Vitamin A was significant to the level of p< 0.01 and vitamin C and E to the level of p< 0.001 and p< 0.02 respectively.
Conclusion
The decrease in antioxidants A, C and E in HIV positive children is due to increased utilization of antioxidant micronutrients because of increased oxidative stress caused due to free radicals.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
John W, Sleasman M.D, Maureen M. Goodenow. HIV-1 infection. J Allergy Clin Immunology 2003; 111: S583–S591.
Sean Hosein. HIV and Antioxidants. Treatment Update 1997; 7: 7
Carole L, Craig S. Antioxidants, Oxidative stress and Nac. Gaymens Health Crisis. Treatment Issues 1993/94; 7: 11.
Johane P, Allard, Elaheh, Jenny Chau et al. Oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant micronutrients in humans with HIV infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67: 143–147.
Jared MB, Barbra AR, Daniel DB. Use of serum retinol-binding protein for prediction of Vitamin A deficiency. Am J Clin Nutrition 2004; 79: 218–225.
Periquet BA, Jammes NM, Lambert WE et al. Micronutrient levels in HIV-1-Infected Children. J AIDS 1995; 9: 887–893.
Ziari SA, Mireles VL, Cantu CG et al. Serum vitamin A, vitamin E, and beta-carotene levels in preeclamptic women in northern nigeria. Am J Perinatol 1996; 13: 287–291.
Nazrul Islam SK, Jahingir Hossain K, Absan M. Serum vitamin E, C and A status of the drug addicts undergoing detoxification: influence of drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors. Eur J Clin Nutrition 2001; 55: 1022–1027.
Melikian G, Mmiro F, Ndugwa C et al. Relation of vitamin A and carotenoid status to growth failure and mortality among Ugandan infants with human immunodeficiency virus. Nutrition 2001; 17: 567–572.
Henrik F, Exnevia G, Pernille K et al. HIV and other predictors of serum β-carotene and retinol in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 1058–1065.
William LC, Susan A, Jose OA et al. Serum Retinol and HIV-1 RNA Viral Load in Rapid and Slow Progressors. J Acquired Immunodefi Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 18: 401–406.
Tang Alice M, Lancillotti J, Hendricks et al. Micronutrients: Current Issues for HIV Care Providers. AIDS 2005; 19: 847–861.
HIV/AIDS Bureau-Women’s HIV/AIDS Care Guide 2005; Chapter 17.
Richard DS, Muhilal BJ, Ward DF et al Abnormal T-cell subset proportions in vitamin A-deficient children. The Lancet 1993; 341: 5–8.
Passi S, Morrone A, Picardo M, De Luca C et al. Blood levels of vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids, lipoperoxides, glutathione peroxidase activity and serological screening for syphilis and HIV in immigrants from developing countries. G Ital Dermatol Venerol 1990; 125: 487–491.
Everall IP, Hudson L, Keruin RW. Decreased absolute levels of ascorbic acid and unaltered vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding in the frontal cortex in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Neurosci Lett 1997; 14: 119–122.
Paterson, Wiggins, Karmarkar, Rajgopal, Bessy et al. Determination of Retinol by a Spectrophotometric Method Using the ultraviolet spectrophotometric. In Toro G, Philip GA, eds. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 5th ed. Boston USA; Copyright by Little Brown and Co. 1980; 219–220.
Toro G, Philip GA. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 1st ed. Boston USA; copyright by Little Brown and Co, 1975; 634–636
Baker, Frank. Determination of Serum Tocopherol. In Toro G, Philip GA, eds. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 5th ed. Boston USA; Copyright by Little Brown and Co. 1980; 902–903.
Niki E. Action of Ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals. Am J Clin Nutrition 1991; 54: 1119–1124.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Srinivas, A., Dias, B.F. Antioxidants in HIV positive children. Indian J Pediatr 75, 347–350 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-008-0036-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-008-0036-3