Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Agnisola C 1990 Functional morphology of the coronary supply of the systemic heart of Octopus vulgaris; Physiol. Zool. 63 3–11
Alexander R M 1962 Visco-elastic properties of the body wall of sea anemones; J. Exp. Biol. 39 373–386
Alexander R M 1969 Mechanics of the feeding action of a cyprinid fish; J. Zool. London 159 1–15
Batham E J and Pantin C F A 1950 Muscular and hydrostatic action in the sea anemone, Metridium senile (L.); J. Exp. Biol. 27 264–289
Bennet-Clark H C 1963 Negative pressures produced in the pharyngeal pump of the blood-sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus; J. Exp. Biol. 40 223–229
Bidder G P 1923 The relationship of the form of a sponge to its currents; Q. J. Microscop. Soc. 67 292–323
Borrell B J 2004 Suction feeding in orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini); Proc. R. Soc. London (Supp4)B271 164–166
Brainerd E L, Page B N and Fish F E 1997 Opercular jetting during fast starts by flatfishes; J. Exp. Biol. 200 1179–1188
Cermák J, Cienciala E, Kucera J, Lindroth A and Hällgren J E 1992 Radial velocity profiles of water flow in stems of Norway spruce and oak and the response of spruce to severing; Tree Physiol. 10 367–380
Cheng J-Y, Davison I G and DeMont M E 1996 Dynamics and energetics of scallop locomotion; J. Exp. Biol. 199 1931–1946
Curran P F 1960 Na, Cl, and water transport by rat ileum in vitro; J. Gen. Physiol. 43 1137–1148
Curran P F and MacIntosh J R 1962 A model system for biological water transport; Nature (London) 193 347–348
Daniel T L and Kingsolver 1983 Feeding strategy and the mechanics of blood sucking in insects; J. Theor. Biol. 105 661–672
DeMont M E and Gosline J M 1988 Mechanics of jet propulsion in the hydromedusan jellyfish, Polyorchis penicillatus. II. Energetics of the jet cycle; J. Exp. Biol. 134 333–345
Diamond J M and Bossert W H 1967 Standing-gradient osmotic flow; J. Gen. Physiol. 50 2061–2082
Drost M R, Muller M and Osse J W M 1988 A quantitative hydrodynamical model of suction feeding in larval fishes: the role of frictional forces; Proc. R. Soc. London B234 263–281
Fichtner K and Schulze E-D 1990 Xylem water flow in tropical vines as measured by a steady state heating method; Oecologia 82 355–361
Forouhar A S, Liebling M, Hickerson A, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A, Tsai H-J, Hove J R, Fraser S E, Dickinson M E and Gharib M 2006 The embryonic vertebrate heart is a dynamic suction tube; Science 312 751–753
Forterre Y, Skotheim J M, Dumais J and Mahadevan L 2005 How the Venus flytrap snaps; Nature (London) 443 421–425
Foster-Smith R L 1978 An analysis of water flow in tube-living animals; J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 34 73–95
Gibbons C A and Shadwick R E 1991 Circulatory mechanics in the toad Bufo marinus. II. Hemodynamics of the arterial windkessel; J. Exp. Biol. 158 291–306
Glemain J, Cordonnier J P, LeNormand L and Buzelin J M 1990 Urodynamic consequences of urethral stenosis: hydrodynamic study with a theoretical model; J. d’Urol. 96 271–277
Goddard C K 1972 Structure of the heart of the ascidian Pyura praeputialis; Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 25 645–647
Gosline J M 1971 Connective tissue mechanics of Metridium senile. II. Viscoelastic properties and a macromolecular model; J. Exp. Biol. 55 775–795
Hertel H 1966 Structure, form and movement (New York: Reinhold)
Hughes G M 1958 The co-ordination of insect movements; J. Exp. Biol. 35 567–583
Johansen K and Martin A W 1965 Circulation in a giant earthworm, Glossoscolex giganteus. I. Contractile processes and pressure gradients in the large vessels; J. Exp. Biol. 43 333–347
Jones H D 1983 Circulatory systems of gastropods and bivalves; in The mollusca, v5 (ed.) K M Wilbur (New York: Academic Press) pp 189–238
Jones, J C 1977 The circulatory system of insects (Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas)
Jones J M, Wentzell L A and Toews D P 1992 Posterior lymph heart pressure and rate and lymph flow in the toad Bufo marinus in response to hydrated and dehydrated conditions; J. Exp. Biol. 169 207–220
Karassik I J, Messina J P, Cooper P and Heald C C 2000 Pump handbook 3rd edition (New York: McGraw Hill Professional)
Kardong K and Lavin-Murcio P 1993 Venom delivery of snakes as high-pressure and low-pressure systems; Copeia 1993 644–650
Kingsolver J G and Daniel T L 1983 Mechanical determinants of nectar feeding in hummingbirds: energetics, tongue morphology, and licking behavior; Oecologia 60 214–226
Kingsolver J G and Daniel T L 1995 Mechanics of food handling by fluid-feeding insects; in Regulatory mechanisms in insect feeding (eds) R F Chapman and G deBoer (New York: Chapman and Hall) pp 32–73
Koehl M A R 1977 Mechanical diversity of connective tissue of the body wall of sea anemones; J. Exp. Biol. 69 107–125
Kramer P J 1959 Transpiration and the water economy of plants; in Plant physiology v2 (ed.) F C Steward (New York: Academic Press) pp 607–726
LaBarbera M and Vogel S 1982 The design of fluid transport systems in organisms; Am. Sci. 70 54–60
Lai N, Shabetai R, Graham J B, Hoit B D, Sunnerhagen K S and Bhargava V 1990 Cardiac function of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata; J. Comp. Physiol. B160 259–268
Lauder G V 1980 The suction feeding mechanism in sunfishes (Lepomis): an experimental analysis; J. Exp. Biol. 88 49–72
Lauder G V 1984 Pressure and water flow patterns in the respiratory tract of the bass (Micropterus salmoides); J. Exp. Biol. 113 151–164
Lillywhite H B 2006 Water relations of tetrapod integument; J. Exp. Biol. 209 202–226
Lillywhite H B and Licht P 1974 Movement of water over toad skin: functional role of epidermal sculpturing; Copeia 1974 165–171
Martin A W 1974 Circulation in invertebrates; Annu. Rev. Physiol. 36 171–186
Milnor W R 1990 Cardiovascular physiology (New York: Oxford University Press)
Müller J 1833 On the existence of four distinct hearts, having regular pulsations, connected with the lymphatic system, in certain amphibious animals; Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 123 89–94
Nobel P S 2005 Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology (Burlington MA: Elsevier)
Ottaviani G and Tazzi A 1977 The lymphatic system; in Biology of the reptilia, v6 (ed.) C Gans (London: Academic Press) pp 315–462
Pickard, R S and Mill P J 1974 Ventilatory movements of the abdomen and branchial apparatus in dragonfly larvae (Odonata: Anisoptera); J. Zool. London 174 23–40
Pickard W F 2003a The riddle of root pressure. I. Putting Maxwell’s demon to rest; Func. Pl. Biol. 30 121–134
Pickard, W F 2003b The riddle of root pressure. II. Root exudation at extreme osmolalities; Func. Pl. Biol. 30 135–141
Pittermann J and Sperry J S 2003 Tracheid diameter determines the extent of freeze-thaw induced cavitation in conifers; Tree Physiol. 23 907–914
Prosser, C L 1973 Comparative animal physiology, 3rd edition (Philadelphia: W B Saunders)
Riisgård H U and Larsen P S 1995 Filter-feeding in marine macro-invertebrates: pump characteristics, modeling and energy cost; Biol. Rev. 70 67–106
Rubega M A and Obst B S 1993 Surface-tension feeding in phalaropes: discovery of a novel feeding mechanism; Auk 110 169–178
Schmidt-Nielsen K 1997 Animal physiology: adaptation and environment 5th edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
Schneider H, Wistuba N, Wagner H-J, Thürmer F and Zimmermann U 2000 Water rise kinetics in refilling xylem after desiccation in a resurrection plant; New Phytol. 148 221–238
Schulz J R, Norton A G and Gilly W F 2004 The projectile tooth of a fish-hunting snail: Conus catus injects venom into fish prey using a high-speed ballistic mechanism; Biol. Bull. 207 77–79
Shadwick R E 1994 Mechanical organization of the mantle and circulatory system of cephalopods; Mar. Fresh. Behav. Physiol. 25 69–85
Sláma K 2003 Mechanical aspects of heartbeat reversal in pupae of Manduca sexta; J. Insect. Physiol. 49 645–657
Southwick E E and Moritz R F A 1987 Social control of air ventilation in colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera; J. Insect Physiol. 33 623–626
Steffensen J F 1985 The transition between branchial pumping and ram ventilation in fishes: energetic consequences and dependence on water oxygen tension; J. Exp. Biol. 114 141–150
Stevens E D and Lightfoot E N 1986 Hydrodynamics of water flow in front of and through the gills of skipjack tuna; Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A83 255–259
Thompson M V and Holbrook N M 2003 Scaling phloem transport: water potential equilibrium and osmoregulatory flow; Plant Cell Environ. 26 1561–1577
Trager G C, Hwang J-S and Strickler J R 1990 Barnacle suspension feeding in variable flow; Mar. Biol. 105 117–128
Trail F, Gaffoor I and Vogel S 2005 Ejection mechanics and trajectories of the ascospores of Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminerarum); Fungal Genet. Biol. 42 528–533
Turner J S 2000 The extended organism: the physiology of animal-built structures (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press)
Tyree M T 2001 Capillarity and sap ascent in a resurrection plant: does theory fit the facts? New Phytol 150 9–11
Tyree M T and Zimmermann M H 2002 Xylem structure and the ascent of sap (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
van Bel A 1993 Strategies of phloem loading; Annu. Rev. Pl. Physiol. Pl. Mol. Biol. 44 253–281
Vogel S 1978 Evidence for one-way valves in the water-flow system of sponges; J. Exp. Biol. 76 137–148
Vogel S 1994 Life in moving fluids (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press)
Vogel S 1995 Pressure versus flow in biological pumps; in Biological fluid dynamics: symposium of the society for experimental biology (eds) C P Ellington and T J Pedley (Cambridge, UK: The Company of Biologists) pp 297–304
Vogel S 2004 Living in a physical world. I. Two ways to move material; J. Biosci. 29 391–397
Vogel S 2005a Living in a physical world. III. Getting up to speed; J. Biosci. 30 303–312
Vogel S 2005b Living in a physical world. IV. Moving heat around; J. Biosci. 30 449–460
Vogel S 2006 Living in a physical world. VII. Gravity and life on the ground; J. Biosci. 31 201–214
Wells M J 1987 The performance of the octopus circulatory system: a triumph of engineering over design; Experientia 43 487–99
Yigit N, Güven T, Bayram A and Cavusoglu K 2004 A morphological study on the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae); Turk. J. Zool. 28 149–153
Yokoyama, T 2004 Motor or sensor: a new aspect of primary cilia function; Anat. Sci. Int. 79 47–54
Young B A, Dunlap K, Koenig K and Singer M 2004 The buccal buckle: the functional morphology of venom spitting in cobras; J. Exp. Biol. 207 1383–1394
Young B A, Phelan M, Morain M, Ommundsen M and Kurt R 2003 Venom injection by rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox): peripheral resistance and the pressure balance hypothesis; Can. J. Zool. 81 313–320
Zimmermann M H 1971 Transport in the xylem; in Trees: Structure and function (eds) M H Zimmermann and C L Brown (New York: Springer-Verlag) pp 169–220